TEXT CREDITS

Bracketed numbers indicate document numbers.

Chapter 1

[1.1] Defining Humanity: Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 2000 B.C.E.. From The Epic of Gilgamesh (3rd ed., pp. 61–66), translated with an introduction by N. K. Sandars (Penguin Classics, 1972). Copyright © N. K. Sandars, 1960, 1964, and 1972. Reprinted by permission of Penguin Books, Ltd. (UK).

[1.2] Establishing Law and Justice: King Hammurabi, The Code of Hammurabi, Early Eighteenth Century B.C.E. From Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Third Edition with Supplement (pp. 164–78), edited by James B. Pritchard. Copyright © 1950, 1955, 1969, renewed 1978 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.

[1.3] Praising the One God: Hymn to the Aten, Fourteenth Century B.C.E. From Ancient Egyptian Literature: Volume II: The New Kingdom (pp. 91–92) by Miriam Lichtheim (The University of California Press, April 2006). Copyright © 1976 The Regents of The University of California.

[1.4] Writing Experiences: Egyptian Scribal Exercise Book, Twelfth Century B.C.E. From Ancient Egyptian Literature: Volume II: The New Kingdom (pp. 168–72) by Miriam Lichtheim. Copyright © 1976 by the Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by permission of the University of California Press.

[1.5] Allying for Peace: The “Eternal Treaty” between the Egyptians and Hittites, c. 1259 B.C.E. From Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Third Edition with Supplement (pp. 202–3), edited by James B. Pritchard. Copyright © 1950, 1955, 1969, renewed 1978 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.

Chapter 2

[2.1] Empires and Divine Right: Inscription Honoring Cyrus, King of Persia, r. c. 557–530 B.C.E. From Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Third Edition with Supplement (pp. 315–16), edited by James B. Pritchard. Copyright ©1950, 1955, 1969 renewed 1978 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.

[2.2] Monotheism and Mosaic Law: The Book of Exodus, Chapters 19–20, c. Tenth–Sixth Centuries B.C.E. From The Jerusalem Bible: Reader’s Edition. Copyright © 1966 by Darton, Longman & Todd, Ltd., and Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

[2.3] The Quest for Individual Excellence: Homer, The Odyssey, Eighth Century B.C.E. From “Book 9: In the One-Eyed Giant’s Cave” by Homer, from The Odyssey by Homer, translated by Robert Fagles, copyright © 1996 by Robert Fagles. Used by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.

[2.4] Two Visions of the City-State: Tyrtaeus of Sparta and Solon of Athens, Poems, Seventh–Sixth Centuries B.C.E. From Early Greek Lyric Poetry (pp. 48–49, 68–69), translated by David Mulroy. Copyright © 1992 by The University of Michigan. Reprinted by permission of University of Michigan Press.

[2.5] Economics and the Expansion of Slavery: Xenophon, Revenues, Fourth Century B.C.E. Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of the Loeb Classical Library from Xenophon: Volume VII, Loeb Classical Library Volume 183 (pp. 137–53), translated by E. C. Marchant, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Copyright © 1925 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Loeb Classical Library® is a registered trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.

Chapter 3

[3.1] The Golden Age of Athens: Thucydides, The Funeral Oration of Pericles, 429 B.C.E. From Thucydides, The Peloponnesian Wars (pp. 65–72), translated by Benjamin Jowett, revised and abridged by P. A. Brunt. Copyright © 1963 by P. A. Brunt. Reprinted with the permission of Simon & Schuster, Inc. All rights reserved.

[3.3] The Emergence of Philosophy: Plato, The Apology of Socrates, 399 B.C.E. From The Dialogues of Plato, vol. 2 (3d ed., pp. 109, 111–16, 121–23), translated by Benjamin Jowett. New York: Macmillan and Co., 1892.

[3.4] The Advance of Science: Hippocrates of Cos, On the Sacred Disease, 400 B.C.E. From Hippocrates: Volume II, Loeb Classical Library Volume 148 (pp. 139, 141, 143, 145, 153, 175, 179, 181, 183), translated by W. H. S. Jones, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1923. The Loeb Classical Library is a registered trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.

[3.5] Domestic Boundaries: Euphiletus, A Husband Speaks in His Own Defense, c. 400 B.C.E. From The Murder of Herodes and Other Trials from the Athenian Law Courts (pp. 43–52), edited by Kathleen Freeman. Copyright © 1994 by Hackett Publishing. Reprinted by permission of Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

[3.6] Protesting War, Performing Satire: Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 411 B.C.E. From The Comedies of Aristophanes, translated by Alan Sommerstein, Aris & Philips, 1990.

Chapter 4

[4.1] The Conquest of New Lands: Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander the Great, Fourth Century B.C.E. From The Campaigns of Alexander (pp. 360–66), translated by Aubrey de Selincourt, revised with an introduction and notes by J. R. Hamilton, Penguin Classics, 1958; revised edition, 1971. Copyright © the Estate of Aubrey de Selincourt, 1958. Introduction and Notes Copyright © J. R. Hamilton, 1971. Reprinted by permission of Penguin Books, Ltd. (UK).

[4.2] Imperial Bureaucracy: Zeno, Egyptian Official, Records, 259–250 B.C.E. Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of the Loeb Classical Library from Select Papyri: Volume I, Loeb Classical Library Volume 266 (pp. 269–77, 397–99, and 409–15), translated by A. S. Hunt and C. C. Edgar, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Copyright © 1932 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The Loeb Classical Library is a registered trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.

[4.3] Everyday Life: Funerary Inscriptions and Epitaphs, Fifth–First Centuries B.C.E. From Women’s Life in Greece and Rome: A Source Book in Translation, Second Edition (pp. 16–17, 190, 206, 219, 221–22, 263, 266–67, 274), edited by Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen B. Fant. Copyright © 1992 M. B. Fant and M. R. Lefkowitz. Reprinted with permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press and Bristol Classical Press, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Epitaph #386 from “Greek Maenadism from Olympias to Messalina” by Albert Henrichs from Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 82 (1978), pp. 121-160. Reprinted by permission of Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. Epitaph #39 from Themes in Greek and Roman Epitaphs by Richard Lattimore. Reprinted by permission of Steven Lattimore and Alexander Lattimore.

[4.4] In Pursuit of Happiness: Epicurus, Letter to a Friend, Late Third Century B.C.E. From “Letter to Menoeceus” in The Way of Philosophy, translated by Philip Wheelwright. Copyright © 1960 by Longman Publishing Group. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education Group.

[4.5] Exacting Science: Archimedes, Letter to Eratosthenes, Third Century B.C.E. From The Works of Archimedes (pp. 12–13), edited by T. L. Heath, Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2002. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, Archimedes’s “Eureka!” Moment, 30–20 B.C.E. From Vitruvius: Ten Books on Architecture, translation by Ingrid D. Rowland. Copyright © 1993 by Ingrid Drake Rowland. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press.

Chapter 5

[5.1] Formalizing Roman Law: The Twelve Tables, 451–449 B.C.E. Excerpted from [8 “The Twelve Tables,” including “notes” from pages 9–17 and [148 “Edicts of Augustus . . . ,” including “notes” from pages 124–26 from Ancient Roman Statutes: A Translation with Introduction, Commentary, Glossary, and Index (pp. 9–17), translated by Allan Chester Johnson, Paul Robinson Coleman-Norton and Frank Card Bourne. Copyright © 1961 by University of Texas Press. Reprinted courtesy of the University of Texas Press.

[5.3] Status and Discrimination: Roman Women Demonstrate against the Oppian Law, 195 B.C.E. Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of the Loeb Classical Library from Livy: Volume IX, Loeb Classical Library 295 (pp. 413–21, 425–39), translated by Evan T. Sage, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Copyright © 1935 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The Loeb Classical Library® is a registered trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.

[5.4] Cultivating Justice and Piety: Cicero, On the Commonwealth, 54 B.C.E. From On the Commonwealth and On the Laws (pp. 9–102), edited by James E. G. Zetzel. Copyright © 1999 Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press.

[5.6] Toward Empire: Julius Caesar, The Gallic War, 52 B.C.E. From Julius Caesar, The Gallic War (pp. 181, 183–84, 188–89, 191–94, 241–42), translated by Carolyn Hammond. Copyright © 1996 by Oxford University Press. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press.

Chapter 6

[6.1] An Empire Foretold: Virgil, The Aeneid, First Century B.C.E. From The Aeneid, translated by Robert Fagles. Copyright © 2006 by Robert Fagles. Used by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.

[6.2] An Urban Empire: Notices and Graffiti Describe Life in Pompeii, First Century C.E. From Roman Civilization: Selected Readings, Vol. II: The Empire, Third Edition (pp. 126–27, 237–38, 276–78), edited by Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold. Copyright © 1990 by Columbia University Press. Reprinted with the permission of Columbia University Press.

[6.4] The Making of a New Religion: Paul of Tarsus, Letter to the Galatians, First Century C.E. From The Jerusalem Bible: Reader’s Edition. Copyright © 1966 by Darton, Longman & Todd, Ltd. and Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

[6.5] The Cult of Isis: Apulieus, The Golden Ass, c. 170 C.E. From The Golden Ass by Apulieus, translated by P. G. Walsh. Oxford University Press, New York. 1994. 218–222. © P. G. Walsh 1994. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press.

Chapter 7

[7.1] The Establishment of Roman Christian Doctrine: Arius, Letter to Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, c. 170 C.E. From J. Stevenson, A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to AD 337, revised edition (pp. 326–27). Copyright © 1987 SPCK. Reprinted with permission of SPCK.

[7.2] The Struggle of Conversion: Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, c. 525 C.E. From Confessions by Saint Augustine, translated with an introduction by R. S. Pine-Coffin (pp. 170–71, 173, 175–78), Penguin Classics, 1961. Copyright © R.S. Pine-Coffin, 1961. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.

[7.3] The Development of Monasticism: Benedict of Nursia, The Rule of St. Benedict, c. 540 C.E. From The Rule of St. Benedict, edited by Timothy Fry. Copyright © 1981 by Order of Saint Benedict, Inc. Published by Liturgical Press, Collegeville, Minnesota. Reprinted with permission.

[7.4] Germanic Law in the Roman Empire: The Burgundian Code, c.475–525 C.E. From The Burgundian Code (pp. 17–24, 30–33, 40–47), translated by Katherine Fischer Drew. Copyright © 1972 by the University of Pennsylvania Press. Reprinted by permission of University of Pennsylvania Press.

[7.5] Emergence of Byzantium: Procopius, Secret History, 550 C.E.” From Procopius, Secret History (pp. 40–44, 55, 58, 60, 75–76), translated by Richard Atwater. Copyright © 1961 by University of Michigan Press.

Chapter 8

[8.1] The Foundations of Islam: Qur’an, Suras 1, 53, 98, c. 610–632. From Approaching the Qur’an: The Early Revelations (pp. 35, 42, 44, 47, 104–6), introduced and translated by Michael Sells. Copyright © 1999 by White Cloud Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

[8.2] Jihad and Jizya: Islamic Terms of Peace, 633–643. From Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, Volume 1, Politics and War (pp. 234–36, 238–40), edited and translated by Bernard Lewis. Copyright © 1974. Reprinted by permission of Walker and Company.

[8.3] Byzantine Life: The Life of St. Theodore of Sykeon, Early Seventh Century. From Three Byzantine Saints (pp. 115–20), translated by Elizabeth Dawes and Norman H. Baynes. Copyright © 1948 by Basil Blackwell. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

[8.4] A Noblewoman’s Life: The Life of Lady Balthild, Queen of the Franks, Late Seventh Century. From Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720 (pp. 119–27, 131–32), edited by Paul Fouracre and Richard A. Gerberding. Copyright © 1996 by Manchester University Press. Reprinted by permission of Manchester University Press.

Chapter 9

[9.2] Resistance from Constantinople: Liutprand of Cremona, Report to Otto I, 968. From The Works of Liutprand of Cremona, translated by F. A. Wright. Copyright © 1930. Reproduced by permission of Taylor & Francis Books UK.

[9.4] A New Islamic Dynasty: Ahmad al-Ya’qūbī, Kitāb al-buldān, Ninth Century. From Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, Volume II, Religion and Society (pp. 69–73), edited and translated by Bernard Lewis. Copyright © 1974. Reprinted by permission of Walker and Company.

Chapter 10

[10.1] Medieval Business: Commenda Contracts, Eleventh–Twelfth Centuries. From Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World, Number LII of the Records of Civilization, Sources and Studies, edited by Austin P. Evans, translated by Robert S. Lopez and Irving W. Raymond. Copyright © 1961 by Columbia University Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

[10.2] Sources of the Investiture Conflict: Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII, Letter and Excommunication, 1076. Gregory VII from The Correspondence of Pope Gregory VII (pp. 90–91), translated by Ephraim Emerton. Copyright © 1932 by Columbia University Press. Henry IV from Imperial Lives and Letters of the Eleventh Century (pp. 150–51), translated by Theodor E. Mommsen and Karl F. Morrison, edited by Robert L. Benson. Copyright © 1962 by Columbia University Press. Reprinted by permission of Columbia University Press.

[10.4] Arab Response to the First Crusade: Ibn al-Athīr , A Muslim Perspective, 1097–1099. From Ibn al-Athīr, The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for The Crusading Period from al-Kamil fi’l-Ta’rikh, part 1, translated by D. S. Richards. Copyright © 2006 Ashgate Publishing. Reprinted by permission of Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

[10.5] The Power of William I: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 1085–1086. From The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (pp. 161–65), edited by Dorothy Whitelock. Copyright © 1961 by Dorothy Whitelock and David Douglas. Reprinted with the permission of Rutgers University Press.

Chapter 11

[11.1] New Learning: Peter Abelard, The Story of My Misfortunes, c. 1132.From The Letters of Abelard and Heloise, translated and introduced by Betty Radice (Penguin Classics, 1974). Copyright © Betty Radice, 1974. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.

[11.3] Courtly Love: Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot: The Knight of the Cart, c. 1170s. From Lancelot: The Knight of the Cart, translated by Burton Raffel. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Copyright © 1997 by Yale University

[11.4] Franciscan Piety: St. Francis and St. Clare of Assisi, Selected Writings, Thirteenth Century. From Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages (pp. 344–49), edited by Ernest Henderson. Originally published by Bell and Sons (1921). Excerpts from Francis and Clare: The Complete Works (pp. 226–32), translated by Regis J. Armstrong and Ignatius C. Brady. Copyright © 1982 by Paulist Press. Reprinted by permission of Paulist Press.

[11.5] The Sack of Constantinople: Annals of Niketas Choniates, 1204. From O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates, translated by Harry J. Magoulias. Copyright © 1984 Wayne State University Press. Reprinted by permission of Wayne State University Press.

Chapter 12

[12.2] A Female Mystic: Hadewijch of Brabant, Letters and Poems, 1220–1240. From Medieval Women Writers, edited by Katharina M. Wilson. Copyright © 1984 by the University of Georgia Press. Reprinted by permission of the University of Georgia Press.

[12.3] Defining Outsiders: Thomas of Monmouth, The Life and Martyrdom of St. William of Norwich, c. 1173. From The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich (pp. 14–17, 19–23), translated by Augustus Jessopp and Montague Rhodes. Copyright © 1896 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press.

[12.4] Imagining Hell: Dante Alighieri, Divine Comedy, 1313–1321. From The Inferno of Dante (pp. 47–53), translated by Robert Pinksy. Copyright © 1994 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

[12.5] The New Power of Medieval States: Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, 1302. From Documents of the Christian Church, ed. Henry Bettenson. Oxford University Press, New York, 1967. 115–116. Selection © Oxford University Press 1963. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press. King Philip IV of France, General Assembly of Paris, 1303. From Medieval Europe, edited by Julius Kirshner and Karl F. Morrison. University of Chicago Press. Copyright © 1986 by the University of Chicago.

Chapter 13

[13.1] Demographic Catastrophe: The Black Death, Fourteenth Century. From The Black Death, edited and translated by Rosemary Horrox. Copyright © 1994, Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK.

[13.5] Extolling Humanism: Giovanni Rucellai and Leonardo Bruni, Florence in Quattrocento, 1427 and 1457. From Images of Quattrocento Florence: Selected Writings in Literature, History, and Art, eited by Stefano Ugo Baldassarri and Arielle Saiber, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by Yale University. Excerpts from Major Problems in the History of the Italian Renaissance (pp. 279–82), edited by Benjamin G. Kohl and A. A. Smith. Copyright © 1995 by D. C. Heath and Company. Used with permission of Houghton Mifflin Company.

[13.6] Women’s Place in Renaissance Italy: Alessandra, Letters from a Widow and Matriarch of a Great Family, 1450–1465. From Eric Cochrane and Julius Kirshner, eds., University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, 5: The Renaissance, University of Chicago Press. Copyright © 1986 by the University of Chicago.

Chapter 14

[14.3] Defending Native Humanity: Bartolomé de Las Cases, In Defense of the Indians, c. 548–1550. From In Defense of the Indians (pp. 41–46), translated by Stafford Poole. Copyright © 1974 by Northern Illinois University Press. Used with permission of Northern Illinois University Press.

[14.5] Reforming Christianity: John Calvin, Articles Concerning Predestination, c. 1560, and The Necessity of Reforming the Church, 1543. From Calvin: Theological Treatises, Volume 22, translated by Rev. J. K. S. Reid. © 1954. Used by permission of Westminster John Knox Press. www.wjkbooks.com.

[14.6] Responding to Reformation: St. Ignatius of Loyola, A New Kind of Catholicism, 1546, 1549, 1553. From Saint Ignatius of Loyola, Personal Writings: Reminiscences, Spiritual Diary, Select Letters, Including the Text of The Spiritual Exercises, (pp. 165, 166, 230, 233–34, 257, 259, 262–63), edited and translated by Joseph A. Munitiz and Philip Endean, New York: Penguin Books, 1996. Translation, introductions and notes copyright © Joseph A. Munitiz and Philip Endean, 1996. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.

Chapter 15

[15.2] Barbarians All: Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals, 1580s.From Selected Essays of Montaigne by Michel de Montaigne, edited by Blanchard Bates, translated by C. Cotton and W. C. Hazlit. Translation copyright © 1949 by Random House, Inc. Used by permission of Random House, Inc.

[15.3] Defending Religious Liberty: Apology of the Bohemian Estates, May 25, 1618. From The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History, edited and translated by Tryntje Helfferich. Copyright © 2009 by Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

[15.4] The Scientific Challenge: Galileo, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, 1615. From Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo (pp. 175–86), by Galileo Galilei, translated by Stillman Drake. Copyright © 1957 by Stillman Drake. Used by permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc.

[15.5] The Persecution of Witches: The Trial of Suzanne Gaudry, 1652. From Witchcraft in Europe, 1100–1700: A Documentary History (pp. 266–75), edited by Alan C. Kors and Edward Peters, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972. Reprinted by permission of the University of Pennsylvania Press.

Chapter 16

[16.1] Mercantilism in the Colonies: Instructions from Jean-Baptiste Colbert, 1667, 1668, and A Royal Ordinance, 1669. From Pierre Clément, ed., Lettres Instructions et Mémoires de Colbert, Volume 3, Part 2, Instructions au Marquis de Seignlay: Colonies (Paris: 1865), translated by David Kammerling Smith in The West in the Wider World, Vol. 2, by Richard Lim and David K. Smith (New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003).

[16.5] Opposing Serfdom: Ludwig Fabritius, The Revolt of Stenka Razin, 1670. From Russia under Western Eyes, 1517–1825 (pp. 120–23), edited by Anthony Glenn Cross. Published by St. Martin’s Press, 1971.

Chapter 17

[17.2] A “Sober and Wholesome Drink”: A Brief Description of the Excellent Vertues of That Sober and Wholesome Drink, Called Coffee, 1674. Eighteenth-Century Coffee-House Culture, vol. 1, Restoration Satire (pp. 129), edited by Markman Ellis. Copyright © 2006. Reproduced from Eighteenth-Century Coffee-House Culture with the permission of Pickering & Chatto Publishers.

[17.3] Westernizing Russian Culture: Peter I, Decrees and Statutes, 1701–1723. The Decree on “German” Dress, the Decree on the Shaving of Beards and Moustaches, and the Statute of the College of Manufactures from A Source Book for Russian History from Early Times to 1917, Volume 2, edited by George Vernadsky. Copyright © 1972 by Yale University. The Decree on the Invitation to Foreigners reprinted with the permission of Scribner, a Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., from Peter the Great by Robert K. Massie. Copyright © 1980 by Robert K. Massie. All rights reserved.

[17.5] Questioning Women’s Submission: Mary Astell, Reflections upon Marriage, 1706. From The First English Feminist: Reflections upon Marriage and Other Writings (pp. 69–76), edited and introduced by Bridget Hill. Copyright © 1986 by St. Martin’s Press. Reprinted by permission of St. Martin’s Press.

ART CREDITS

Page 61: The Art Archive/Museo Nazionale Terme Rome/Gianni Dagli Orti. Page 74: Figures 6.2a–b from Susan Walker, “Women and Housing in Classical Greece: The Archaeological Evidence,” in Images of Women in Antiquity, ed. Averil Cameron and Amelie Kuhrt (London: Routledge, 1993), 87. Page 108: Statuette of a rider, Etruscan, late fifth century B.C.E. (bronze) by Detroit Institute of Arts, USA/ City of Detroit Purchase/ The Bridgeman Art Library. Page 109: Scala/Art Resource, NY. Page 183: The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images Page 283: xff F1219.L58 LAM .06, Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.