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Quiz for Sources of The Making of the West, Chapter 22

Printed Page 185

Quiz for Chapter 22: Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870

Document Links:

Document 22-1: Peter Kropótkin, Memoirs of a Revolutionist

Document 22-2: Camillo di Cavour, Letter to King Victor Emmanuel

Document 22-3: Rudolf von Ihering, Two Letters

Document 22-4: Herbert Spencer, Progress: Its Law and Cause

Document 22-5: Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man

Question 22.1

1. According to Kropótkin’s account of the emancipation decree’s impact in Russia (Document 22-1), how did the decree challenge traditional social boundaries?

The nobility was forced to relinquish its land without compensation.

The tsar assumed control from the nobility over peasant homesteads.

Peasants gained their personal freedom from their former masters.

Nobles and peasants jointly owned peasant homesteads as equals.

Question 22.2

2. Which of these accurately describes Cavour’s method of state building in his push for Italian unification (Document 22-2)?

He promoted constitutional principles as the basis for political change.

He used military force at any cost regardless of European public opinion.

He gave up total control to foreign allies in exchange for military support.

He tapped local sentiment to build publicly acceptable grounds for war.

Question 22.3

3. Von Ihering hailed Bismarck as a genius in directing Prussia’s war against Austria (Document 22-3) because Bismarck

used war as a political tactic to demonstrate Prussian superiority.

respected the will of the majority and allowed for popular participation.

drew on sound legal principles to justify Prussia’s military action.

showed that Austrian supremacy and German unity were compatible.

Question 22.4

4. According to Spencer (Document 22-4), what is a defining feature of evolution?

The differentiation displayed over time among individual natural organisms

Progress from simplicity to complexity over time throughout nature and society

Changes in society and nature that heighten human happiness over time

The abstract results of human thought and action over time

Question 22.5

5. What evidence did Darwin put forth to support his theory of evolution as it applied to the origin of humans (Document 22-5)?

Scientists had identified similarities in development and structure between humans and lower life forms.

Humans’ instinctive belief in God demonstrated that they had descended from less organized life forms.

The existence of human subspecies proved that humans did not descend from a common ancestor.

Lower races found in the modern world attested to the innate superiority of whites in intelligence and civilization.