A well-organized speech makes it easy for the audience to follow along. Informative speeches can be organized according to topic, chronology, space, cause and effect, and narrative patterns. For example, you can organize a speech about Barack Obama’s presidency topically by arranging your points according to the controversies and policies of his presidency. The same speech organized chronologically could address events in order from his election in 2008 to his successor’s election in 2016. To organize that speech causally, you might frame each of Obama’s policy achievements as a reaction to preceding political, social, and/or economic crises. You may also use the problem-solution pattern (see section 22a) in informative speeches, though it’s more common in persuasive speeches.