TYPE OF SOURCE

WHAT TO CITE

EXAMPLE

Book with two or fewer authors

First and last names, source qualifier(s), and date of publication.

“In the book What We Know about Climate Change, published in 2012, MIT meteorologist Kerry Emanuel argues that . . .”

Book with three or more authors

First and last name of first author and “co-authors.”

“In the 1993 book Captured Lives: Australian Captivity Narratives, Kate Darian-Smith, professor of history at the University of Melbourne, and her two co-authors, both educators, show how . . .”

Reference work (atlas, encyclopedia, almanac, etc.)

Title, date of publication, author or sponsoring organization, and source qualifier.

“According to 2014’s Almanac of American Politics, a widely read survey of American races and political figures, Michael Barone and co-authors describe . . .”

Print article

Same citation guidelines as a print book.

“In an article published in the May 2015 edition of the New York Times, Jeré Longman, a longtime sports reporter, chronicles the history of . . .”

Online-only publication

Follow the same guidelines as for a book, but identify the source as an “online” publication.

“In a May 25, 2015, interview for the popular online music blog Pitchfork, Canadian indie-rocker Dan Bejar discussed . . .”

An organization’s website

Site name, source qualifier, and, if applicable, the section of the site cited and its last update.

“On the Ebola section of its website, last updated May 26, 2015, the Centers for Disease Control, the foremost monitoring agency for disease outbreak in the world, reports that . . .”

Blog

The blogger, source qualifier, affiliated website (if applicable), and date.

“In a May 23, 2015, post on his personal blog, Greg Mankiw, the chairman of the economics department at Harvard University, argues that . . .”

TV or radio news program

The program, segment, reporter, source qualifier, and date aired.

“In a 60 Minutes segment about TedTalks that aired on April 19, 2015, Charlie Rose described . . .”

Online video

The video source, program, segment, source qualifier, and date of publication, if applicable.

“In a lecture delivered at the 2010 Sewanee Writers’ Conference and broadcast on the conference’s YouTube channel on November 10, 2011, Robert Hass, U.S. Poet Laureate from 1995 to 1997, argued that . . .”

Layperson or expert testimony

The person, source qualifier, context in which information was offered, and date information was offered.

“On March 26, 2015, in congressional testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Ben Affleck, well-known filmmaker, actor, and founder of the Eastern Congo Initiative, testified as to the profound poverty endured by populations in Eastern Congo . . .”

Interviews and personal communication

The person, source qualifier, date, and type of correspondence.

“In an email interview conducted on February 2, 2015, Austin, Texas, Police Chief Art Acevedo said . . .”