The appeal to logic can be very powerful in our data-driven society. Arguments based on logos rely primarily on statistical data, expert testimony, research, historical fact, clear reasoning, and an objective tone. An argument about the need for increased security in schools, for instance, might appeal to logos by examining data about the relationship between increased security and decreased violence in school settings.

Don’t raise your voice; improve your argument.
—Bishop Desmond Tutu

There are many ways to make an appeal based on logic. Columnist Charles Blow uses several of them as he argues against the death penalty in the following excerpt from the 2014 article “Eye-for-an-Eye Incivility.”