Citing Each Source Clearly

For examples of citations, see Ch. 36 for MLA or Ch. 37 for APA.

Often your launch statement does double duty: naming a source as well as introducing the quotation, paraphrase, or summary from it. Naming, or citing, each source both credits it and helps locate it at the end of your paper in the list of sources called Works Cited (MLA) or References (APA). There you provide full publication information so that readers could find your original sources if they wished.

To make this connection clear, identify each source by mentioning the author (or the title if no author is identified) as you add information from the source to your paper. (In APA style, also add the date.) You can emphasize this identification by including it in your launch statement, or you can tuck it into parentheses after the information. Then, supply the specific location of any quotation or paraphrase (usually the page number in the original) so that a reader could easily turn to the exact material you have used. Check your text citations against your concluding list of sources to be sure that the two correspond.