Individual Author

Two or Three Authors

Name the authors in the order in which they are listed on the title page.

Four Authors or More

Name all the authors, or follow the name of the first author with the abbreviation “et al.” (Latin for “and others”). Identify the source in the same way you cite it in the text.

Roark, James L., et al. The American Promise. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford, 2012. Print.

Same Author with Multiple Works

Arrange the author’s works alphabetically by title. Use the author’s name for the first entry only; for the rest, replace the name with three hyphens.

Gould, Stephen Jay. Dinosaur in a Haystack: Reflections in Natural History. Cambridge: Belnap-Harvard UP, 2011. PDF file.

---. Punctuated Equilibrium. Cambridge: Belnap-Harvard UP, 2007. Print.

Organization Author

Name the organization as author without its opening “the,” “a,” or “an.”

Author and Editor

If your paper focuses on the work or its author, cite the author first.

Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. The Communist Manifesto. 1848. Ed. John E. Toews. Boston: Bedford, 1999. Print.

If your paper focuses on the editor or the edition used, cite the editor first.

Toews, John E., ed. The Communist Manifesto. By Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. 1848. Boston: Bedford, 1999. Print.

Author and Translator

Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 1996. Print.

If your paper focuses on the translation, cite the translator first.

Fagles, Robert, trans. The Odyssey. By Homer. New York: Penguin, 1996. Print.

Unidentified Author

“2012 Cars: Safety.” Consumer Reports Apr. 2012: 72–76. Print.