100.3 Preface

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I spent my thirties and forties writing textbooks on adult development and aging. I spent more than 15 years writing and revising this book. I’ve spent almost 40 years (virtually all of my adult life!) joyously teaching this course. My mission in this book is simple: to excite students in our field.

Because I want to showcase the most cutting-edge research, in this edition of Experiencing the Lifespan, you will find hundreds of citations dating just from 2013. I’ve added new sections to every chapter, covering topics as varied as our scientific strides in epigenetics, to the personal experience of providing hospice care. I’ve constructed dozens of new figures and tables, rewritten almost every sentence, and given this text a new social media–oriented thrust. But, readers who have used Experiencing the Lifespan in the past will be comforted to know that this edition has the same familiar structure and plan. It reflects my commitment to convey the beauty of our science in the same compelling way. What exactly makes this book compelling? What makes each chapter special? What makes this edition stand out?

What Makes This Book Compelling?

As you scan this book, you will see other special features: “How do we know . . . ?” boxes in some chapters that delve more deeply into particular research programs; “Hot in Developmental Science” sections in each chapter showcasing cutting-edge topics, from prenatal stress to preteen popularity; timelines that pull everything together at the end of complex sections (such as the chart summarizing the landmarks of pregnancy and prenatal development on pages 55–56).

What will make this text a pleasure to teach from? How can I make this book a joy to read? These are questions I have been grappling with as I’ve been glued to my computer—often seven days a week—during this decade-and-a-half-long labor of love.

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What Makes Each Chapter Special?

Now that I’ve spelled out my general writing missions, here are some highlights of each chapter, and a preview of exactly what’s new.

PART I: The Foundation

CHAPTER 1: The People and the Field

What’s New?

CHAPTER 2: Prenatal Development, Pregnancy, and Birth

What’s New

image
Imagine being this terrified woman as she surveys the rubble of her collapsed house. What is the impact of disasters, like this Malaysian landslide, on babies in the womb? Fetal programming research offers fascinating answers.
TEH ENG KOON/AFP/Getty Images

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PART II: Infancy

CHAPTER 3: Infancy: Physical and Cognitive Development

What’s New?

CHAPTER 4: Infancy: Socioemotional Development

What’s New?

PART III: Childhood

CHAPTER 5: Physical and Cognitive Development

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What’s New?

CHAPTER 6: Socioemotional Development

What’s New?

CHAPTER 7: Settings for Development: Home and School

image
Imagine how you would feel if this terrifying, anonymous threat appeared on your screen, and you will immediately understand why cyberbullying is more distressing than bullying of the face-to-face kind.

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What’s New?

PART IV: Adolescence

CHAPTER 8: Physical Development

image
What are teens who avidly scan the photos on a social-network site likely to do? The surprise is that girls may decide to post more sexually oriented comments than boys.
Brendan O’Sullivan/Photolibrary/Getty Images

What’s New?

CHAPTER 9: Cognitive and Socioemotional Development

What’s New?

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PART V: Early and Middle Adulthood

CHAPTER 10: Constructing an Adult Life

What’s New?

CHAPTER 11: Relationships and Roles

What’s New?

image
Having the flexibility to work at home is definitely a double-edged sword. Not only are you tempted to work on assignments when you should be paying attention to your child, but you are probably working far longer hours than if you had gone to the office.
Jamie Grill/Iconica/Getty Images

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CHAPTER 12: Midlife

What’s New?

PART VI: Later Life

CHAPTER 13: Later Life: Cognitive and Socioemotional Development

What’s New?

image
Although his main goal is to greet this woman in a warm, personal way, in order to remember his new friend’s name, this elderly man might want to step back and use the mnemonic strategy of forming a mental image, thinking, “I’ll remember it’s Mrs. Silver because of her hair.”
Ronnie Kaufman/Getty Images

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CHAPTER 14: The Physical Challenges of Old Age

What’s New?

PART VII: Epilogue

CHAPTER 15: Death and Dying

What’s New?

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Final Thoughts

This wrap-up section summarizes my new four top-pick research trends since the previous edition of Experiencing the Lifespan.

What Media and Supplements Come with This Book?

When you decide to use this book, you’re adopting far more than just this text. You have access to an incredible learning system—everything from tests to video clips that bring the material to life. The Worth team and several dozen dedicated instructors have worked to provide an array of supplements to my text to foster student learning and make this course memorable: Video clips convey the magic of prenatal development, clarify Piaget’s tasks, highlight child undernutrition, and showcase the life stories of active and healthy people in their ninth and tenth decades of life. Lecture slides and clicker questions make class sessions more visual and interactive. My publisher has amassed a rich archive of developmental science materials. For additional information, please contact your Worth Publishers sales consultant or look at the Worth Web site at http://www.macmillanhighered.com/Catalog/product/experiencingthelifespan-fourthedition-belsky. Here are descriptions of the supplements:image

A comprehensive Web resource for teaching and learning, Worth Publishers’ online course space offers:

image

The LaunchPad can be previewed at www.macmillanhighered.com/launchpad/belsky4e/

LearningCurve

The LearningCurve quizzing system reflects the latest findings from learning and memory research. LearningCurve’s adaptive and formative quizzing provides an effective way to get students involved in the coursework. It combines:

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The LearningCurve system combines adaptive question selection, immediate feedback, and an interactive interface to engage students in a learning experience that is unique to them. Each LearningCurve quiz is fully integrated with other resources in LaunchPad, so students will be able to review using Worth’s extensive library of videos and activities. And state-of-the-art question-analysis reports allow instructors to track the progress of individual students as well as their class as a whole.

You’ll find the following in our LaunchPad:

Human Development Videos

In collaboration with dozens of instructors and researchers, Worth has developed an extensive archive of video clips. This collection covers the full range of the course, from classic experiments (like the Strange Situation and Piaget’s conservation tasks) to investigations of children’s play, to adolescent risk taking. Instructors can assign these videos to students through LaunchPad or choose one of 50 popular video activities that combine videos with short-answer and multiple-choice questions. For presentation purposes, our videos are available in a variety of formats to suit your needs, and highlights of the series appear periodically in the text’s margin.

Interactive Presentation Slides

A new extraordinary series of “next generation” interactive presentation lectures give instructors a dynamic, yet easy-to-use, new way to engage students during classroom presentations of core developmental psychology topics. Each lecture provides opportunities for discussion and interaction and enlivens the psychology classroom with an unprecedented number of embedded video clips and animations.

Lecture Slides

There are two slide sets for each chapter of Experiencing the Lifespan (one featuring a full chapter lecture, the other featuring all chapter art and illustrations).

Instructor’s Resources in Launchpad

Now fully integrated with LaunchPad, this collection of resources has been hailed as a rich collection of instructor’s resources in developmental psychology. The resources include learning objectives, springboard topics for discussion and debate, handouts for student projects, course-planning suggestions, ideas for term projects, and a guide to audiovisual and online materials.

Assessment

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Course Management

Worth Publishers supports multiple Course Management Systems with enhanced cartridges for upload into Blackboard, Desire2Learn, Sakai, Canvas, and Moodle. Cartridges are provided free upon adoption of Experiencing the Lifespan and can be downloaded from Worth’s online catalog at www.macmillanhighered.com. Deep integration is also available between LaunchPad products and Blackboard, Brightspace by D2L, and Canvas. These deep integrations offer educators single sign-on and gradebook sync now with autorefresh.

Who Made This Book Possible?

This book was a completely collaborative endeavor engineered by the finest publishing company in the world: Worth (and not many authors can make that statement)! Firstly, again heartfelt thanks go to Elaine Epstein. Elaine, who I have been fortunate to have as my “developmental editor” for several editions of this book, has been working more than full time on this edition for over a year. She meticulously pored over every sentence of this manuscript multiple times, helped prepare all the figures and tables, skillfully guided everything into production, and is guiding this book into print as we speak. Elaine, as usual, is my real, unseen, full partner on this book.

The other genuine collaborator on this book is my masterful hands-on acquisitions editor Chris Cardone. After decades spent working with publishers, I can honestly say that in terms of attentiveness to authors, sensitivity to their needs, reliability, and genuine good smarts, Chris ranks in the top 1 percent. (Kudos also go to my editors for previous editions of this book, Catherine Woods and Jessica Bayne.)

Then there are the talented people who transformed this manuscript into print. Thanks go to Julio Espin, my hardworking Project Editor, for coordinating this intricate process, to Catherine Michaelsen, Assistant Editor, and to Sarah Segal, my Production Manager, for helping ensure everything fit together and pushing everyone to get things out on time. It’s been my great fortune to rely on the advice of Worth’s accomplished Director of Content Management Enhancement Tracey Kuehn, and to have Deb Heimann, my eagle-eyed copy editor check the manuscript for accuracy. Sheena Goldstein had the heroic task of helping select photos that embodied my thoughts. At the final stage of this process, Christine Hastings meticulously picked through the manuscript to place my commas correctly and make sure each sentence made grammatical sense.

Then there are the talented people who make Experiencing the Lifespan look like a breathtaking work of art. As you delight in looking at these fabulous pictures, you can thank Sheena Goldstein for coordinating the photo program. The Art Director, Diana Blume, along with Designer Blake Logan are responsible for planning this book’s gorgeous design.

Thanks to Laura Burden my Media Editor, and to the supplements and media authors.

Without good marketing, no one would read this book. And, as usual, this arm of the Worth team gets my A+ rating. Kate Nurre, our Executive Marketing Manager, and Lindsay Johnson, Senior Marketing Manager, do an outstanding job. They go to many conferences and spend countless hours in the field advocating for my work. Although I may not meet many of you personally, I want take this chance to thank all the sales reps for working so hard to get “Belsky” out in the real world.

I am grateful for those student readers who took the time to personally e-mail and tell me, “You did a good job,” or, “Dr. Belsky, I like it; but here’s where you went wrong.” These kinds of comments really make an author’s day! This book has benefited from the insights of an incredible number of reviewers over the years. Here are the lifespan instructors who helped improve each edition of Experiencing the Lifespan:

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Heather Adams, Ball State University

Daisuke Akiba, Queens College

Cecilia Alvarez, San Antonio College

Andrea S. Anastasiou, Mary Baldwin College

Emilie Aubert, Marquette University

Pamela Auburn, University of Houston Downtown

Tracy Babcock, Montana State University

Harriet Bachner, Northeastern State University

Carol Bailey, Rochester Community and Technical College

Thomas Bailey, University of Baltimore

Shelly Ball, Western Kentucky University

Mary Ballard, Appalachian State University

Lacy Barnes-Mileham, Reedley College

Kay Bartosz, Eastern Kentucky University

Laura Barwegen, Wheaton College

Jonathan Bates, Hunter College, CUNY

Don Beach, Tarleton State University

Lori Beasley, University of Central Oklahoma

Martha-Ann Bell, Virginia Tech

Daniel Bellack, Trident Technical College

Jennifer Bellingtier, University of Northern Iowa

Karen Bendersky, Georgia College and State University

Keisha Bentley, University of La Verne

Robert Billingham, Indiana University

Kathi J. Bivens, Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College

Jim Blonsky, University of Tulsa

Cheryl Bluestone, Queensborough Community College, CUNY

Greg Bonanno, Teachers College, Columbia University

Aviva Bower, College of St. Rose

Marlys Bratteli, North Dakota State University

Bonnie Breitmayer, University of Illinois, Chicago

Jennifer Brennom, Kirkwood Community College

Tom Brian, University of Tulsa

Sabrina Brinson, Missouri State University

Adam Brown, St. Bonaventure University

Kimberly D. Brown, Ball State University

Donna Browning, Mississippi State University

Janine Buckner, Seton Hall University

Ted Bulling, Nebraska Wesleyan University

Holly Bunje, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Melinda Burgess, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Barbara Burns, University of Louisville

Marilyn Burns, Modesto Junior College

Joni Caldwell, Spalding University

Norma Caltagirone, Hillsborough Community College, Ybor City

Lanthan Camblin, University of Cincinnati

Debb Campbell, College of Sequoias

Lee H. Campbell, Edison Community College

Robin Campbell, Brevard Community College

Kathryn A. Canter, Penn State Fayette

Peter Carson, South Florida Community College

Michael Casey, College of Wooster

Kimberly Chapman, Blue River Community College

Tom Chiaromonte, Fullerton College

Yiling Chow, North Island College, Port Albernia

Toni Christopherson, California State University, Dominguez Hills

Wanda Clark, South Plains College

Judy Collmer, Cedar Valley College

David Conner, Truman State University

Deborah Conway, University of Virginia

Diana Cooper, Purdue University

Ellen Cotter, Georgia Southwestern State University

Deborah M. Cox, Madisonville Community College

Kim B. Cragin, Snow College

Charles P. Cummings, Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College

Karen Curran, Mt. San Antonio College

Antonio Cutolo-Ring, Kansas City (KS) Community College

Ken Damstrom, Valley Forge Christian College

Leslie Daniels, Florida State College at Jacksonville

Nancy Darling, Bard College

Paul Dawson, Weber State University

Janet B. Dean, Asbury University

Lynda DeDee, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh

David C. Devonis, Graceland University

Charles Dickel, Creighton University

Darryl Dietrich, College of St. Scholastica

Stephanie Ding, Del Mar College

Lugenia Dixon, Bainbridge College

Benjamin Dobrin, Virginia Wesleyan College

Delores Doench, Southwestern Community College

Melanie Domenech Rodriguez, Utah State University

Sundi Donovan, Liberty University

Lana Dryden, Sir Sanford Fleming College

Gwenden Dueker, Grand Valley State University

Bryan Duke, University of Central Oklahoma

Trisha M. Dunkel, Loyola University, Chicago

Robin Eliason, Piedmont Virginia Community College

Traci Elliot, Alvin Community College

Frank Ellis, University of Maine, Augusta

Kelley Eltzroth, Mid Michigan Community College

Marya Endriga, California State University, Stanislaus

Lena Ericksen, Western Washington University

Kathryn Fagan, California Baptist University

Daniel Fasko, Bowling Green State University

Nancy Feehan, University of San Francisco

Meredyth C. Fellows, West Chester University of Pennsylvania

Gary Felt, City University of New York

Martha Fewell, Barat College

Mark A. Fine, University of Missouri

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Roseanne L. Flores, Hunter College, CUNY

John Foley, Hagerstown Community College

James Foster, George Fox University

Geri Fox, University of Illinois, Chicago

Thomas Francigetto, Northampton Community College

James Francis, San Jacinto College

Doug Friedrich, University of West Florida

Lynn Garrioch, Colby-Sawyer College

Bill Garris, Cumberland College

Caroline Gee, Palomar College

C. Ray Gentry, Lenoir-Rhyne College

Carol George, Mills College

Elizabeth Gersten, Victor Valley College

Linde Getahun, Bethel University

Afshin Gharib, California State University, East Bay

Nada Glick, Yeshiva University

Andrea Goldstein, Kaplan University

Arthur Gonchar, University of La Verne

Helen Gore-Laird, University of Houston, University Park

Tyhesha N. Goss, University of Pennsylvania

Dan Grangaard, Austin Community College, Rio Grande

Julie Graul, St. Louis Community College, Florissant Valley

Elizabeth Gray, North Park University

Stefanie Gray Greiner, Mississippi University for Women

Erinn L. Green, Wilmington College

Dale D. Grubb, Baldwin-Wallace College

Laura Gruntmeir, Redlands Community College

Lisa Hager, Spring Hill College

Michael Hall, Iowa Western Community College

Andre Halliburton, Prairie State College

Laura Hanish, Arizona State University

Robert Hansson, University of Tulsa

Richard Harland, West Texas A&M University

Gregory Harris, Polk Community College

Virginia Harvey, University of Massachusetts, Boston

Margaret Hellie Huyck, Illinois Institute of Technology

Janice L. Hendrix, Missouri State University

Gertrude Henry, Hampton University

Rod Hetzel, Baylor University

Heather Hill, University of Texas, San Antonio

Elaine Hogan, University of North Carolina, Wilmington

Judith Holland, Hawaii Pacific University

Debra Hollister, Valencia Community College

Heather Holmes-Lonergan, Metropolitan State College of Denver

Rosemary Hornak, Meredith College

Suzy Horton, Mesa Community College

Rebecca Hoss, College of Saint Mary

Cynthia Hudley, University of California, Santa Barbara

Alycia Hund, Illinois State University

David P. Hurford, Pittsburgh State University

Elaine Ironsmith, East Carolina University

Jessica Jablonski, Richard Stockton College

Sabra Jacobs, Big Sandy Community and Technical College

David Johnson, John Brown University

Emilie Johnson, Lindenwood University

Mary Johnson, Loras College

Mike Johnson, Hawaii Pacific University

Peggy Jordan, Oklahoma City Community College

Lisa Judd, Western Wisconsin Technical College

Tracy R. Juliao, University of Michigan Flint

Elaine Justice, Old Dominion University

Steve Kaatz, Bethel University

Jyotsna M. Kalavar, Penn State New Kensington

Chi-Ming Kam, City College of New York, CUNY

Richard Kandus, Mt. San Jacinto College

Skip Keith, Delaware Technical and Community College

Michelle L. Kelley, Old Dominion University

Richie Kelley, Baptist Bible College and Seminary

Robert Kelley, Mira Costa College

Jeff Kellogg, Marian College

Colleen Kennedy, Roosevelt University

Sarah Kern, The College of New Jersey

Marcia Killien, University of Washington

Kenyon Knapp, Troy State University

Cynthia Koenig, Mt. St. Mary’s College of Maryland

Steve Kohn, Valdosta State University

Holly Krogh, Mississippi University for Women

Martha Kuehn, Central Lakes College

Alvin Kuest, Great Lakes Christian College

Rich Lanthier, George Washington University

Peggy Lauria, Central Connecticut State University

Melisa Layne, Danville Community College

John LeChapitaine, University of Wisconsin, River Falls

Barbara Lehmann, Augsburg College

Rhinehart Lintonen, Gateway Technical College

Nancy Lobb, Alvin Community College

Martha V. Low, Winston-Salem State University

Carol Ludders, University of St. Francis

Dunja Lund Trunk, Bloomfield College

Vickie Luttrell, Drury University

Nina Lyon Jenkins, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore

Christine Malecki, Northern Illinois University

Marlowe Manger, Stanly Community College

Pamela Manners, Troy State University

Kathy Manuel, Bossier Parish Community College

Howard Markowitz, Hawaii Pacific University

Jayne D. B. Marsh, University of Southern Maine, Lewiston-Auburn College

Esther Martin, California State University, Dominguez Hills

Jan Mast, Miami Dade College, North Campus

Pan Maxson, Duke University

Nancy Mazurek, Long Beach City College

Christine McCormick, Eastern Illinois University

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Jim McDonald, California State University, Fresno

Clark McKinney, Southwest Tennessee Community College

George Meyer, Suffolk County Community College

Barbara J. Miller, Pasadena City College

Christy Miller, Coker College

Mary Beth Miller, Fresno City College

Al Montgomery, Our Lady of Holy Cross College

Robin Montvilo, Rhode Island College

Peggy Moody, St. Louis Community College

Michelle Moriarty, Johnson County Community College

Wendy Bianchini Morrison, Montana State University-Bozeman

Ken Mumm, University of Nebraska, Kearney

Joyce Munsch, Texas Tech University

Jeannette Murphey, Meridian Community College

Lori Myers, Louisiana Tech University

Lana Nenide, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Margaret Nettles, Alliant University

Gregory Newton, Diablo Valley College

Barbara Nicoll, University of La Verne

Nancy Nolan, Nashville State Community College

Harriett Nordstrom, University of Michigan, Flint

Wendy North-Ollendorf, Northwestern Connecticut Community College

Elizabeth O’Connor, St. Mary’s College

Susan O’Donnell, George Fox University

Jane Ogden, East Texas Baptist University

Shirley Ogletree, Texas State University

Claudius Oni, South Piedmont Community College

Randall E. Osborne, Texas State University, San Marcos

John Otey, Southern Arkansas University

Carol Ott, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Patti Owen-Smith, Oxford College

Heidi Pasek, Montana State University

Margaret Patton, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Julie Hicks Patrick, West Virginia University

Evelyn Payne, Albany State University

Ian E. Payton, Bethune-Cookman University

Carole Penner-Faje, Molloy College

Michelle L. Pilati, Rio Hondo College

Meril Posy, Touro College, Brooklyn

Shannon M. Pruden, Temple University

Ellery Pullman, Briarcrest Bible College

Samuel Putnam, Bowdoin College

Jeanne Quarles, Oregon Coast Community College

Mark Rafter, College of the Canyons

Cynthia Rand-Johnson, Albany State University

Janet Rangel, Palo Alto College

Jean Raniseski, Alvin Community College

Frances Raphael-Howell, Montgomery College

Celinda Reese, Oklahoma State University

Ethan Remmel, Western Washington University

Paul Rhoads, Williams Baptist College

Kerri A. Riggs, Lourdes College

Mark Rittman, Cuyahoga Community College

Jeanne Rivers, Finger Lakes Community College

Wendy Robertson, Western Michigan University

Richard Robins, University of California, Davis

Millie Roqueta, Miami Dade College

June Rosenberg, Lyndon State College

Christopher Rosnick, University of South Florida

Trisha Rossi, Adelphi University

Rodger Rossman, College of the Albemarle

Lisa Routh, Pikes Peak Community College

Stephanie Rowley, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Randall Russac, University of North Florida

Dawn Ella Rust, Stephen F. Austin State University

Tara Saathoff-Wells, Central Michigan University

Traci Sachteleben, Southwestern Illinois College

Douglas Sauber, Arcadia University

Chris Saxild, Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College

Barbara Schaudt, California State University, Bakersfield

Daniela E. Schreier, Chicago School of Professional Psychology

Pamela Schuetze, SUNY College at Buffalo

Donna Seagle, Chattanooga State Technical Community College

Bonnie Seegmiller, Hunter College, CUNY

Chris Seifert, Montana State University

Marianne Shablousky, Community College of Allegheny County

Susan Shapiro, Indiana University, East

Elliot Sharpe, Maryville University

Lawrence Shelton, University of Vermont

Shamani Shikwambi, University of Northern Iowa

Denise Simonsen, Fort Lewis College

Penny Skemp, Mira Costa College

Peggy Skinner, South Plains College

Barbara Smith, Westminster College

Valerie Smith, Collin County Community College

Edward Sofranko, University of Rio Grande

Joan Spiegel, West Los Angeles College

Jason S. Spiegelman, Community College of Baltimore County

Carolyn I. Spies, Bloomfield College

Scott Stein, Southern Vermont College

Stephanie Stein, Central Washington University

Sheila Steiner, Jamestown College

Jacqueline Stewart, Seminole State College

Robert Stewart, Jr., Oakland University

Cynthia Suarez, Wofford College

Joshua Susskind, University of Northern Iowa

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Josephine Swalloway, Curry College

Emily Sweitzer, California University of Pennsylvania

Chuck Talor, Valdosta State University

Jamie Tanner, South Georgia College

Norma Tedder, Edison Community College

George Thatcher, Texas Tech University

Shannon Thomas, Wallace Community College

Donna Thompson, Midland College

Vicki Tinsley, Brescia University

Eugene Tootle, Barry University

David Tracer, University of Colorado, Denver

Stephen Truhon, Austin Peay Centre, Fort Campbell

Dana Van Abbema, St. Mary’s College of Maryland

Mary Vandendorpe, Lewis University

Janice Vidic, University of Rio Grande

Steven Voss, Moberly Area Community College

William Walkup, Southwest Baptist University

Anne Weiher, Metropolitan State College of Denver

Robert Weis, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point

Lori Werdenschlag, Lyndon State College

Noel Wescombe, Whitworth College

Andrea White, Ithaca College

Meade Whorton, Louisiana Delta Community College

Wanda A. Willard, Monroe Community College

Joylynne Wills, Howard University

Nancy A. Wilson, Haywood Community College

Steffen Wilson, Eastern Kentucky University

Bernadette Wise, Iowa Lakes Community College

Steve Wisecarver, Lord Fairfax Community College

Alex Wiseman, University of Tulsa

Rebecca Witt Stoffel, West Liberty State College

Nanci Woods, Austin Peay State University

Chrysalis L. Wright, University of Central Florida

Stephanie Wright, Georgetown University

David Yarbrough, Texas State University

Nikki Yonts, Lyon College

Ling-Yi Zhou, University of St. Francis

On the home front, I am indebted to my colleagues at Middle Tennessee State University and to my students over the years. As any teacher will tell you, I learn as much—or more—from you each semester as you do from me. I want to thank my incredibly competent reference checker, Jac Mitchell, for performing the difficult task of ferreting out the full source of every new citation in this book. I’m grateful to my baby, Thomas, for being born, and giving my life such meaning, and to Shelly for brightening my life since I moved to Chicago this past year. But the real credit for this book still belongs to my late husband David, for putting this book and my happiness center stage and for giving me the best possible life.

Janet Belsky

August 25, 2015