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CHAPTER 2
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Prenatal Development, Pregnancy, and Birth
Setting the Context
The First Step: Fertilization
The Reproductive Systems
The Process of Fertilization
The Genetics of Fertilization
Prenatal Development
First Two Weeks
Week 3 to Week 8
Principles of Prenatal Development
Week 9 to Birth
Pregnancy
Scanning the Trimesters
Pregnancy Is Not a Solo Act
What About Dads?
Threats to the Developing Baby
Threats from Outside
HOT IN DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE: What Is the Impact of Prenatal Stress?
Threats from Within
HOW DO WE KNOW . . . About the Gene for Huntington’s Disease?
Interventions
Infertility and New Reproductive Technologies
INTERVENTIONS: Exploring ART
Birth
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Threats at Birth
Birth Options, Past and Present
The Newborn
Tools of Discovery
Threats to Development Just After Birth
EXPERIENCING THE LIFESPAN: Marcia’s Story
A Few Final Thoughts on Biological Determinism and Biological Parents
It’s hard to explain, Kim told me. You are two people now. When you wake up, shop, or plan meals, this other person is always with you. You are always thinking, “What will be good for the baby? What will be best for the two of us?”
Feeling the first kick—
Now that it’s the thirtieth week and my little girl can survive, there is another shift. I’m focused on the moment she will arrive: What will it be like to hold my baby? Will she be born healthy?
The downside is the fear that she will be born with some problem. Being an older mom, it took me two years to get pregnant. Now that I’ve gone through those exhausting procedures and they worked (hooray!), I’d never risk having an invasive genetic test. So, you eat right and never take a drink; but there are concerns. I worry about the stress I’ve been undergoing, since my mom died right before I conceived. And, of course, I worry about labor and delivery. Suppose I have some problem during birth, or my baby has a serious genetic disease?
Another downside is that, until recently, I still felt tired. Some days, I could barely make it to work. (Everything they told you about morning sickness only lasting through the first trimester is wrong—
But nothing equals the thrill of having my little girl inside—