Cyclic nucleotides

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase

Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase

Ca²⁺ and calmodulin

Ca²⁺−calmodulin protein kinase

Phosphorylase kinase or glycogen synthase kinase 2

AMP

AMP-activated kinase

Diacylglycerol

Protein kinase C

Metabolic intermediates and other “local” effectors

Many target-specific enzymes, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase

Source: Information from D. Fell, Understanding the Control of Metabolism (Portland Press, 1997), Table 7.2.