Oxidation–reduction

Electron transfer

Ligation requiring ATP cleavage

Formation of covalent bonds (i.e., carbon–carbon bonds)

Isomerization

Rearrangement of atoms to form isomers

Group transfer

Transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another

Hydrolytic

Cleavage of bonds by the addition of water

Carbon bond cleavage by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation

Two substrates yielding one product or vice versa. When H₂O or CO₂ are a product, a double bond is formed.