Table 30.4: Antibiotic inhibitors of protein synthesis

Antibiotic

Action

Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides

Inhibit initiation and cause the misreading of mRNA (bacteria)

Tetracycline

Binds to the 30S subunit and inhibits the binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs (bacteria)

Chloramphenicol

Inhibits the peptidyl transferase activity of the 50S ribosomal subunit (bacteria)

Cycloheximide

Inhibits translocation (eukaryotes)

Erythromycin

Binds to the 50S subunit and inhibits translocation (bacteria)

Puromycin

Causes premature chain termination by acting as an analog of aminoacyl-tRNA (bacteria and eukaryotes)