Table 32.1: Highly expressed protein-encoding genes of the pancreas, liver, and embryonic stem cells (as percentage of total mRNA pool)

Rank

Proteins expressed in pancreas

%

Proteins expressed in liver

%

Proteins expressed in stem cells

%

1

Procarboxypeptidase A1

7.6

Albumin

3.5

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

0.7

2

Pancreatic trypsinogen 2

5.5

Apolipoprotein A-I

2.8

Translation elongation factor 1 α1

0.6

3

Chymotrypsinogen

4.4

Apolipoprotein C-I

2.5

Tubulin α

0.5

4

Pancreatic trypsin 1

3.7

Apolipoprotein C-III

2.1

Translationally controlled tumor protein

0.5

5

Elastase IIIB

2.4

ATPase 6/8

1.5

Cyclophilin A

0.4

6

Protease E

1.9

Cytochrome oxidase 3

1.1

Cofilin

0.4

7

Pancreatic lipase

1.9

Cytochrome oxidase 2

1.1

Nucleophosmin

0.3

8

Procarboxypeptidase B

1.7

α1-Antitrypsin

1.0

Connexin 43

0.3

9

Pancreatic amylase

1.7

Cytochrome oxidase 1

0.9

Phosphoglycerate mutase

0.2

10  

Bile-salt-stimulated lipase

1.4

Apolipoprotein E

0.9

Translation elongation factor 1 β2

0.2

Sources: Data for pancreas from V. E. Velculescu, L. Zhang, B. Vogelstein, and K. W. Kinzler, Science 270:484–487, 1995. Data for liver from T. Yamashita, S. Hashimoto, S. Kaneko, S. Nagai, N. Toyoda, T. Suzuki, K. Kobayashi, and K. Matsushima, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 269:110–116, 2000. Data for stem cells from M. Richards, S. P. Tan, J. H. Tan, W. K. Chan, and A. Bongso, Stem Cells 22:51–64, 2004.