Table 34.1: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by human TLRs

Receptor	PAMP	Source of PAMP
TLR1 (with TLR2)	Triacyl lipoprotein	Bacteria
TLR2	Lipoprotein	Bacteria, viruses, parasites
TLR3	Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)	Viruses
TLR4	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)	Bacteria, viruses
TLR5	Flagellin	Bacteria
TLR6 (with TLR2)	Diacyl lipoprotein	Bacteria, viruses
TLR7	Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)	Viruses, bacteria
TLR8	Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)	Viruses, bacteria
TLR9	CpG-DNA motifs	Viruses, bacteria, protozoa
TLR10	Unknown	Unknown
Data from: O. Takeuchi and S. Akira, Cell 140:805–820, 2010.