light reactions

chloroplast

stroma

thylakoid

granum

chlorophyll a

photoinduced charge separation

reaction center

special pair

P960

photosystem I (PS I)

photosystem II (PS II)

P680

water-oxidizing complex (WOC) (manganese center)

cytochrome bf

P700

Z scheme of photosynthesis

proton-motive force

ATP synthase (CF₁–CF₀ complex)

cyclic photophosphorylation

carotenoid

light-harvesting complex

587