The purpose of Standard 4 is to outline factors that promote teaching approaches that are appropriate to a child’s stage of development
There are two Key Elements of Standard 4:
(I and A): An early-
(I and A): An early-
The positive influence of warm, nurturing relationships and the negative influence of stressful relationships on every aspect of children’s development are discussed throughout the text. Specific examples including the following.
Discusses sociocultural theory and the importance of culture and context on children’s cognitive development (p. 208).
Discusses Vygotsky’s theory of cognition, including the zone of proximal development and the efficacy of guided participation and scaffolding in supporting and encouraging children’s learning (pp. 281–
Discusses pivotal importance of mentoring and language in a child’s cognitive achievements, including accomplishments in understanding of numbers, logic, and memory; influence of culture on proficiency with numbers (pp. 282–