KEY TERMS

Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.

Question

emotional regulation
effortful control
initiative versus guilt
self-concept
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
imaginary friends
psychopathology
externalizing problems
internalizing problems
rough-and-tumble play
sociodramatic play
authoritarian parenting
permissive parenting
authoritative parenting
neglectful/uninvolved parenting
sex differences
gender differences
phallic stage
Oedipus complex
superego
Electra complex
identification
gender schema
empathy
antipathy
prosocial behavior
antisocial behavior
instrumental aggression
reactive aggression
relational aggression
bullying aggression
corporal punishment
psychological control
time-out
induction
Biological differences between males and females, in organs, hormones, and body type.
Difficulty with emotional regulation that involves expressing powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts, as by lashing out at other people or breaking things.
Behavior that hurts someone else because the aggressor wants to get or keep a possession or a privilege.
The unconscious desire of girls to replace their mother and win their father’s romantic love.
Literally, an illness of the mind, or psyche. Various cultures and groups within cultures have different concepts of specific psychopathologies. A recent compendium of symptoms and disorders in the United States is in the DSM-5. Many other nations use an international set of categories, the ICD-10.
Freud’s third stage of development, when the penis becomes the focus of concern and pleasure.
Pretend play in which children act out various roles and themes in stories that they create.
Make-believe friends who exist only in a child’s imagination; increasingly common from ages 3 through 7. They combat loneliness and aid emotional regulation.
A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that comes from inside a person, such as the desire to feel smart or competent.
Differences in the roles and behaviors of males and females that are prescribed by the culture.
Difficulty with emotional regulation that involves turning one’s emotional distress inward, as by feeling excessively guilty, ashamed, or worthless.
Feelings of dislike or even hatred for another person.
A disciplinary technique in which the parent tries to get the child to understand why a certain behavior was wrong. Listening, not lecturing, is crucial.
Unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attacks, especially on victims who are unlikely to defend themselves.
A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that arises from the need to have one’s achievements rewarded from outside, perhaps by receiving material possessions or another person’s esteem.
In psychoanalytic theory, the judgmental part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of the parents.
The unconscious desire of young boys to replace their father and win their mother’s romantic love.
An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high behavioral standards, strict punishment for misconduct, and little communication from child to parent.
An approach to child rearing in which the parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children’s lives.
Nonphysical acts, such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming the social connection between the victim and other people.
The ability to regulate one’s emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination.
An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control. (Also called indulgent parenting.)
A disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support and that relies on a child’s feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents.
A cognitive concept or general belief based on one’s experiences—in this case, a child’s understanding of sex differences.
An impulsive verbal or physical retaliation for another person’s intentional or accidental action.
A person’s understanding of who he or she is, in relation to self-esteem, appearance, personality, and various traits.
Actions that are deliberately hurtful or destructive to another person.
Punishment that physically hurts the body, such as slapping, spanking, etc.
An attempt to defend one’s self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else.
Erikson’s third psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them.
The ability to understand the emotions and concerns of another person, especially when those emotions and concerns differ from one’s own.
Play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting, but in which there is no intent to harm.
A disciplinary technique in which a child is separated from other people for a specified time.
Actions that are helpful and kind but are of no obvious benefit to oneself.
An approach to child rearing in which the parents set limits but listen to the child and are flexible.
The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed.