Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.
science of human development scientific method theory hypothesis empirical replication nature nurture differential susceptibility difference- social construction culture ethnic group race socioeconomic status (SES) critical period sensitive period ecological- cohort plasticity dynamic- scientific observation experiment independent variable dependent variable survey case study cross- longitudinal research cross- correlation code of ethics | In an experiment, the variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation the experimenter adds. In other words, the dependent variable depends on the independent variable. Repeating a study, usually using different participants. The idea that abilities, personality, and other human characteristics can change over time. Plasticity is particularly evident during childhood, but even older adults are not always “set in their ways.” An in- In an experiment, the variable that is introduced to see what effect it has on the dependent variable. (Also called experimental variable.) A person’s position in society as determined by income, occupation, education, and place of residence. (Sometimes called social class.) A view of human development as an ongoing, ever- The mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard. Often the “norm” is the standard for the observer, and difference is anyone unlike oneself. A research design in which researchers first study several groups of people of different ages (a cross- A way to answer questions using empirical research and data- A specific prediction that can be tested. The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time. Based on observation, experience, or experiment; not theoretical. A group of people who are regarded by themselves or by others as distinct from other groups on the basis of physical appearance, typically skin color. Social scientists think race is a misleading concept, as biological differences are not signified by outward appearance. A method of testing a hypothesis by unobtrusively watching and recording participants’ behavior in a systematic and objective manner— A time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or behavior) must happen for normal development to occur. A system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors, and expectations that persist over time and prescribe social behavior and assumptions. A research design in which the same individuals are followed over time, as their development is repeatedly assessed. A research method in which information is collected from a large number of people by interviews, written questionnaires, or some other means. A number between +1.0 and –1.0 that indicates the degree of relationship between two variables, expressed in terms of the likelihood that one variable will (or will not) occur when the other variable does (or does not). A correlation indicates only that two variables are somehow related, not that one variable causes the other to occur. A research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics. A time when a certain type of development is most likely, although it may still happen later with more difficulty. For example, early childhood is considered a sensitive period for language learning. In development, nurture includes all the environmental influences that affect the individual after conception. This includes everything from the mother’s nutrition while pregnant to the implicit values of the nation. People born within the same historical period who therefore move through life together, experiencing the same events, new technologies, and cultural shifts at the same ages. For example, the effect of the Internet varies depending on what cohort a person belongs to. The idea that people vary in how sensitive they are to particular experiences. Often such differences are genetic, which makes some people affected “for better and for worse” by life events. (Also called differential sensitivity.) A perspective on human development that considers all the influences from the various contexts of development. (Later renamed bioecological theory.) A set of moral principles or guidelines that members of a profession or group are expected to follow. People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who often share a language, culture, and religion. A comprehensive set of ideas. A method to determine cause and effect. Researchers control the participants and the interventions, which makes it easier to understand what causes what, for whom. In development, nature refers to the traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents at the moment of conception. An idea that is built on shared perceptions, not on objective reality. Many age- |