KEY TERMS

Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.

Question

germinal period
embryonic period
fetal period
implantation
embryo
fetus
ultrasound
age of viability
Apgar scale
cesarean section (c-section)
doula
teratogen
behavioral teratogens
threshold effect
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
false positive
cerebral palsy
anoxia
low birthweight (LBW)
very low birthweight (VLBW)
extremely low birthweight (ELBW)
preterm
small for gestational age (SGA)
immigrant paradox
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
reflex
postpartum depression
couvade
parental alliance
parent–infant bond
kangaroo care
The name for a developing human organism from the start of the ninth week after conception until birth.
A form of newborn care in which mothers (and sometimes fathers) rest their babies on their naked chests, like kangaroo mothers that carry their immature newborns in a pouch on their abdomen.
A quick assessment of a newborn’s health. The baby’s color, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone, and respiratory effort are given a score of 0, 1, or 2 twice—at one minute and five minutes after birth—and each time the total of all five scores is compared with the maximum score of 10 (rarely attained).
Someone who helps with the birth process. Traditionally in Latin America, a doula was the only professional who attended childbirth. Now doulas are likely to arrive at the woman’s home during early labor and later work alongside a hospital’s staff.
The strong, loving connection that forms as parents hold, examine, and feed their newborn.
A surgical birth, in which incisions through the mother’s abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly, instead of being delivered through the vagina. (Also called simply section.)
An image of a fetus (or an internal organ) produced by using high-frequency sound waves. (Also called sonogram.)
The first two weeks of prenatal development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation.
Cooperation between a mother and a father based on their mutual commitment to their children. In a parental alliance, the parents support each other in their shared parental roles.
The surprising, paradoxical fact that low SES immigrant women tend to have fewer birth complications than native-born peers with higher incomes.
A body weight at birth of less than 2 pounds, 3 ounces (1,000 grams).
The process, beginning about 10 days after conception, in which the developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uterus, where it can be nourished and protected as it continues to develop.
A body weight at birth of less than 3 pounds, 5 ounces (1,500 grams).
A test often administered to newborns that measures responsiveness and records 46 behaviors, including 20 reflexes.
A cluster of birth defects, including abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, and reduced intellectual ability, that may occur in the fetus of a woman who drinks alcohol while pregnant.
Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child’s intellectual and emotional functioning.
A body weight at birth of less than 5½ pounds (2,500 grams).
A disorder that results from damage to the brain’s motor centers. People with cerebral palsy have difficulty with muscle control, so their speech and/or body movements are impaired.
An agent or condition, including viruses, drugs, and chemicals, that can impair prenatal development and result in birth defects or even death.
A lack of oxygen that, if prolonged, can cause brain damage or death.
A new mother’s feelings of inadequacy and sadness in the days and weeks after giving birth.
The name for a developing human organism from about the third through the eighth week after conception.
In prenatal development, when a teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level (the threshold).
The result of a laboratory test that reports something as true when in fact it is not true. This can occur for pregnancy tests, when a woman might not be pregnant even though the test says she is, or during pregnancy when a problem is reported that actually does not exist.
Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by fathers.
An unlearned, involuntary action or movement in response to a stimulus. A reflex occurs without conscious thought.
The stage of prenatal development from approximately the third through the eighth week after conception, during which the basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs, develop.
A birth that occurs 3 or more weeks before the full 38 weeks of the typical pregnancy—that is, at 35 or fewer weeks after conception.
(Also called small-for-dates.) A term for a baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected, given the time since conception. For example, a 5-pound (2,265-gram) newborn is considered SGA if born on time but not SGA if born two months early.
The age (about 22 weeks after conception) at which a fetus might survive outside the mother’s uterus if specialized medical care is available.
The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week after conception until birth, during which the fetus gains about 7 pounds (more than 3,000 grams) and organs become more mature, gradually able to function on their own.