KEY TERMS

Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.

Question

social smile
cortisol
separation anxiety
stranger wariness
self-awareness
temperament
goodness of fit
Big Five
synchrony
still-face technique
attachment
secure attachment
insecure-avoidant attachment
insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment
disorganized attachment
Strange Situation
social referencing
trust versus mistrust
autonomy versus shame and doubt
social learning
proximal parenting
distal parenting
working model
allocare
In cognitive theory, a set of assumptions that the individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences. For example, a person might assume that other people are trustworthy and be surprised by an incident in which this working model of human behavior is erroneous.
Erikson’s first crisis of psychosocial development. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs (for food, comfort, attention, and so on) are met.
Erikson’s second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and their bodies.
A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver. The infant seems not to care about the caregiver’s presence, departure, or return.
A relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver.
The acquisition of behavior patterns by observing the behavior of others.
Caregiving practices that involve remaining distant from the baby, providing toys, food, and face-to-face communication with minimal holding and touching.
Caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby, with frequent holding and touching.
A type of attachment that is marked by an infant’s inconsistent reactions to the caregiver’s departure and return.
An experimental practice in which an adult keeps his or her face unmoving and expressionless in face-to-face interaction with an infant.
Literally, “other-care”; the care of children by people other than the biological parents.
According to Ainsworth, “an affectional tie” that an infant forms with a caregiver—a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time.
The primary stress hormone; fluctuations in the body’s cortisol level affect human emotions.
An infant’s distress when a familiar caregiver leaves; most obvious between 9 and 14 months.
The five basic clusters of personality traits that remain quite stable throughout life: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else’s expressions and reactions. That other person becomes a social reference.
A coordinated, rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and an infant.
A person’s realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people.
A similarity of temperament and values that produces a smooth interaction between an individual and his or her social context, including family, school, and community.
A smile evoked by a human face, normally first evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth.
An infant’s expression of concern—a quiet stare while clinging to a familiar person, or a look of fear—when a stranger appears.
A laboratory procedure for measuring attachment by evoking infants' reactions to the stress of various adults' comings and goings in an unfamiliar playroom.
A pattern of attachment in which an infant’s anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on reunion.
Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation. It is measured by the person’s typical responses to the environment.