FIGURE 2.7 A Normal, Uncomplicated Birth (a) The baby’s position as the birth process begins. (b) The first stage of labour: The cervix dilates to allow passage of the baby’s head. (c) Transition: The baby’s head moves into the “birth canal,” the vagina. (d) The second stage of labour: The baby’s head moves through the opening of the vagina (“crowns”) and (e) emerges completely, followed by the rest of the body about a minute later. (f) The third stage of labour is the expulsion of the placenta. This usually occurs naturally, but it is crucial that the whole placenta be expelled, so birth attendants check carefully. In some cultures, the placenta is ceremonially buried, to commemorate the life-giving role it plays.