Key Terms

Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.

Question

allocare
attachment
autonomy versus shame and doubt
cortisol
disorganized attachment
distal parenting
insecure-avoidant attachment
insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment
proximal parenting
secure attachment
self-awareness
separation anxiety
social learning
social referencing
social smile
still-face technique
strange situation
stranger wariness
synchrony
temperament
trust versus mistrust
working model
Caregiving practices that involve remaining distant from the baby, providing toys, food, and face-to-face communication with minimal holding and touching.
According to Ainsworth, “an affectional tie” that an infant forms with a caregiver—a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time.
The primary stress hormone; fluctuations in the body’s cortisol level affect human emotion.
A pattern of attachment in which an infant’s anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on reunion.
Seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else’s expressions and reactions. That other person becomes a social reference.
A smile evoked by a human face, normally first evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth.
A type of attachment that is marked by an infant’s inconsistent reactions to the caregiver’s departure and return.
A coordinated, rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and an infant.
A relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver.
A person’s realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people.
An experimental practice in which an adult keeps his or her face unmoving and expressionless in face-to-face interaction with an infant.
The care of children by people other than their biological parents.
Caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby, with frequent holding and touching.
The acquisition of behavior patterns by observing the behavior of others.
A laboratory procedure for measuring attachment by evoking infants’ reactions to the stress of various adults’ comings and goings in an unfamiliar playroom.
Erikson’s second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and their bodies.
A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver’s presence, departure, or return.
An infant’s expression of concern—a quiet stare while clinging to a familiar person, or a look of fear—when a stranger appears.
Erikson’s first crisis of psychosocial development. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs (for food, comfort, attention, and so on) are met.
Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation. It is measured by the person’s typical responses to the environment.
In cognitive theory, a set of assumptions that the individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences. For example, a person might assume that other people are trustworthy and be surprised by an incident in which this working model of human behavior is erroneous.
An infant’s distress when a familiar caregiver leaves; most obvious between 9 and 14 months.
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