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Name of Disease or Condition
Albinism
Albinism

Description:

No melanin; person is very blond, pale

Prognosis:

Normal, but must avoid sun damage

Probable Inheritance:

Recessive

Incidence*:

1 in 20,000 people worldwide; most are African American, Native American, or from sub-Saharan Africa

Carrier Detection:

No

Prenatal Detection:

No

Alzheimer’s disease
Cancer
Cleft palate, cleft lip
Club foot
Cystic fibrosis
Deafness (congenital)
Diabetes
Hemophilia
Hydrocephalus
Muscular dystrophy (30 diseases)
Neural-tube defects (open spine)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Pyloric stenosis
Rett syndrome
Schizophrenia
Sickle-cell anemia
Tay-Sachs disease
Thalassemia
Tourette syndrome

*Incidence statistics vary from country to country. For instance, the rate of PKU is 1 in 119,000 in Japan but is 26 times that in Ireland. Those given here are approximate for the United States, but all these diseases can occur in any ethnic group in any nation. Many affected groups limit transmission through genetic counseling; for example, the incidence of Tay-Sachs disease is declining because many Jewish young adults obtain testing and counseling before marriage.