DNA Extraction and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Post-Lab
In the diagram below, fill in the missing bases on the second (template) DNA strand, and then fill in the bases on the RNA strand. The RNA strand should be complementary to the template DNA strand.
Table 1: Please fill in the missing bases below according to the rules of base pairing. Type your answers in all capital letters, leaving no spaces between letters.
| Coding DNA | A | A | C | G | C | C | T | A | T | C | G | A | C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template DNA | tBx2LSm8zbQ= | tBx2LSm8zbQ= | ktHtN+H7UR0= | NG7+HHzWIz8= | ktHtN+H7UR0= | ktHtN+H7UR0= | kxeqpWJuMf4= | tBx2LSm8zbQ= | tBx2LSm8zbQ= | ktHtN+H7UR0= | NG7+HHzWIz8= | tBx2LSm8zbQ= | ktHtN+H7UR0= |
| RNA | kxeqpWJuMf4= | kxeqpWJuMf4= | NG7+HHzWIz8= | ktHtN+H7UR0= | NG7+HHzWIz8= | NG7+HHzWIz8= | yF/5eGgfxwI= | kxeqpWJuMf4= | yF/5eGgfxwI= | NG7+HHzWIz8= | ktHtN+H7UR0= | kxeqpWJuMf4= | NG7+HHzWIz8= |
A. Transcribe this DNA sequence to mRNA:
GAG | TGG | TAC | ATG | TCA | TCC | AGC | ACT
Table 2: Normal DNA: Transcribe and translate the amino acid sequence. Pay attention to punctuation codons. Type your answers in all capital letters.
| Code word | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | G A G | T G G | T A C | A T G | T C A | A G C | A C T |
| mRNA | UYm7JJz5cgadlNJU | UzFBSVzVj5Kiyoe6 | iyuD4RRPI91sxlm0 | LmxkZ2IwoGW/wx5D | /d9Z590VpSSR+62y | jFysty9ShWd1nKO6 | oSzrwVZ9+PnY+I9Q |
| Amino acids | rsOJmTY9v4G8sALIlv261g== | rsOJmTY9v4G8sALIlv261g== | cKg4cru42+E= | +YDCXbSOtuI= | RiIQ4EKxq04= | 7Ho+qHtxsgk= | RGxkGrtbmv8= |
Table 3: Mutated DNA: Transcribe and translate the amino acid sequence. Pay attention to punctuation codons. Type your answers in all capital letters.
| Code word | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 (mutation) | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | G A G | T G G | T A C | A T C | T C A | A G C | A C T |
| mRNA | UYm7JJz5cgadlNJU | UzFBSVzVj5Kiyoe6 | iyuD4RRPI91sxlm0 | 7m8EU68GtXPEofME | /d9Z590VpSSR+62y | jFysty9ShWd1nKO6 | oSzrwVZ9+PnY+I9Q |
| Amino acids | rsOJmTY9v4G8sALIlv261g== | rsOJmTY9v4G8sALIlv261g== | cKg4cru42+E= | RGxkGrtbmv8= | rsOJmTY9v4G8sALIlv261g== | rsOJmTY9v4G8sALIlv261g== | rsOJmTY9v4G8sALIlv261g== |
B. Consider the following hypothetical gene. Indicate the sequence of the bases in the mRNA produced during transcription, and the sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide produced during translation.
Table 4: Effect of Mutation: Original Sequence
| Code word | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | T A C | G G C | A G T | C C T | T C T | G C A | A C T |
| mRNA | aNQg6P6IsFE= | CTG0J7fyi9I= | lMwRzSTh6nQ= | PqP+bBlq1hA= | gtCFz84IXsU= | i+xB5K3VY+E= | syakLiUB+1g= |
| Amino acids | cKg4cru42+E= | L3LEFALTr8E= | zcRtjckHrIA= | oXwaxouQogY= | E9urQYnNn9s= | E9urQYnNn9s= | RGxkGrtbmv8= |
Table 5: Effects of Mutation: Base Substitution
| Code word | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | TAC | TGC | AGT | CCT | TCT | GCA | ACT |
| mRNA | aNQg6P6IsFE= | hCZYHTl58g0= | lMwRzSTh6nQ= | PqP+bBlq1hA= | gtCFz84IXsU= | i+xB5K3VY+E= | syakLiUB+1g= |
| Amino acids | cKg4cru42+E= | RiIQ4EKxq04= | zcRtjckHrIA= | oXwaxouQogY= | E9urQYnNn9s= | E9urQYnNn9s= | RGxkGrtbmv8= |
Table 6: Effects of Mutation: Base Addition
| Code word | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | TAC | GGC | CAG | TCC | TTC | TGC | AAC | T |
| mRNA | aNQg6P6IsFE= | CTG0J7fyi9I= | 1ngs5885/wI= | Sq3pSjeD2QQ= | FVNjbDU5/9s= | hCZYHTl58g0= | EluXrFS0l7M= | kxeqpWJuMf4= |
| Amino acids | cKg4cru42+E= | L3LEFALTr8E= | 0EKLAiN53Fk= | E9urQYnNn9s= | BzSexq6DTAg= | RiIQ4EKxq04= | 4ThtAZMCLj0= | /TqcnA== |
Table 7: Effects of Mutation: Base Deletion
| Code word | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | TAC | GCA | GTC | CTT | CTG | CAA | CT |
| mRNA | aNQg6P6IsFE= | i+xB5K3VY+E= | iRKOntIgR9Y= | zckI8vksPRQ= | GViQW6dBMXM= | J9D5/eQ2dWk= | vs293IeamxE= |
| Amino acids | cKg4cru42+E= | E9urQYnNn9s= | urXpuEUOFhE= | 2R7fMDDzmDU= | E4xjm5coEHc= | 0EKLAiN53Fk= | /TqcnA== |