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Writing Guide: Argument Essay

Argument Essay

Writing Guide: Argument Essay

Composing an argument gives you the opportunity to propose a reasonable solution to a debatable issue. You say to your readers: “Here is my position, here is the evidence that supports the position, and here is my response to other positions on the issue.” (See the sample argument essay in 6k.)

Key features

A thesis, stated as a clear position on a debatable issue, frames an argument essay. The issue is debatable because reasonable people disagree about it.
An examination of the issue’s context indicates why the issue is important, why readers should care about it, or how your position fits into the debates surrounding the topic.
Sufficient, representative, and relevant evidence supports the argument’s claims. Evidence needs to be specific and persuasive; quoted, summarized, or paraphrased fairly and accurately; and cited correctly.
Opposing positions are summarized and countered. By anticipating and countering objections to your position, you establish common ground with readers and show yourself as a reasonable and well-informed writer.

Thinking ahead: Presenting or publishing

You may have some flexibility in how you present or publish your argument. If you submit your argument as an audio or video essay, make sure you understand the genre’s conventions and think through how your voice or a combination of sounds and images can help you establish your ethos. If you are taking a position on a local issue, consider publishing your argument in the form of a newspaper op-ed or letter to the editor. The benefit? A real-world audience.

Writing your argument

Explore

Generate ideas by brainstorming responses to questions such as the following.

What is the debate around your issue? What sources will help you learn more about your issue?
What position will you take? Why does your position need to be argued?
What evidence supports your position? What evidence makes you question your position?
What types of appeals—ethos, logos, pathos—might you use to persuade readers? How will you build common ground with your readers?

Draft

Try to figure out the best way to structure your argument. A typical outline might include the following steps: Capture readers’ attention; state your position; give background information; outline your major claims with specific evidence; recognize and respond to opposing points of view; and end by reinforcing your point and why it matters.

As you draft, think about the best order for your claims. You could organize by strength, building to your strongest argument (instead of starting with your strongest), or by concerns your audience might have.

Revise

Ask your reviewers for specific feedback. Here are some questions to guide their comments.

Is the thesis clear? Is the issue debatable?
Is the evidence persuasive? Is more needed?
Is your argument organized logically?
Are there any flaws in your reasoning or assumptions that weaken the argument?
Have you presented yourself as a knowledgeable, trustworthy writer?
Does the conclusion pull together your entire argument? How might the conclusion be more effective?