When you are constructing an argument, make sure your introduction includes a thesis statement that establishes your position on the issue you have chosen to debate. In the sentences leading up to the thesis, establish your credibility (ethos) with readers by showing that you are knowledgeable and fair-minded. If possible, build common ground (pathos) with readers who may not at first agree with your views, and show them why they should consider your thesis.

In the following introduction, student writer Kevin Smith presents himself as someone worth listening to. Because Smith introduces both sides of the debate, readers are likely to approach his essay with an open mind.

tip: A good way to test a thesis while drafting and revising is to imagine a counterargument to your argument (see 6i). If you can’t think of an opposing point of view, rethink your thesis and ask a classmate or writing center tutor to respond to your argument.