24g. Pronoun modifying a gerund

24gUse the possessive case to modify a gerund.

A pronoun that modifies a gerund or a gerund phrase should be in the possessive case (my, our, your, his, her, its, their). A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Gerunds frequently appear in phrases; when they do, the whole gerund phrase functions as a noun. (See 48b.)

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Your modifies the gerund phrase being hit by lightning.

Nouns as well as pronouns may modify gerunds. To form the possessive case of a noun, use an apostrophe and an -s (victim’s) or just an apostrophe (victims’). (See 36a.)

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The possessive noun aristocracy’s modifies the gerund phrase exploiting the lower classes.

Gerund phrases should not be confused with participial phrases, which function as adjectives, not as nouns: We saw him driving a yellow convertible. Here driving a yellow convertible is a participial phrase modifying the pronoun him. (See 48b.)

The choice between the objective case and the possessive case depends on the meaning you intend; sometimes the distinction is subtle.

We watched them dancing.

We watched their dancing.

In the first sentence, the emphasis is on the people; we watched them, and they happened to be dancing. In the second sentence, the emphasis is on the dancing; we watched the dancing—a noun form modified by the possessive their.

note: Do not use the possessive if it creates an awkward effect. Try to reword the sentence instead.

awkward The president agreed to the applications’ being reviewed by a faculty committee.
revised The president agreed that the applications could be reviewed by a faculty committee.
revised The president agreed that a faculty committee could review the applications.

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  • Grammatical sentences > Exercises: 24–3 to 24–5, 24/25–6 and 24/25–7 (pronoun case review)