Welcome

Welcome to the Integrated Media for The Bedford Handbook, Ninth Edition

How to Use The Bedford Handbook

How to Use The Bedford Handbook

Videos

What is a handbook?

How to use the menus

How to use the index

How to use the charts and checklists

How to find and read documentation directories

How to read the cross-references to print pages and integrated media

What is integrated media?

Reasons to hang on to your handbook after the course

Tutorials

TUTORIAL 1 Using the menus

TUTORIAL 2 Using the index

TUTORIAL 3 Using the menus or the index

TUTORIAL 4 Using the glossary of usage

TUTORIAL 5 Using the directory to MLA works cited models

The Writing Process

Part 1: The Writing Process

As you write

Exploring a subject

Revising a thesis

Revising an introduction

Revising a conclusion

Managing your files

Using reviewers’ comments

Proofreading your work

Learning from other writers

Creating unity

Using transitions

Sample student writing

Nguyen, Rough Draft (literacy narrative; peer-reviewed)

Nguyen, “A Place to Begin” (literacy narrative; final draft)

Bonilla, Reflective Letter (reflective writing)

Exercises

EXERCISE 1–3 Purpose and audience

EXERCISE 1–5 Thesis statements

EXERCISE 1–6 Thesis statements

EXERCISE 1–7 Introductions

EXERCISE 2–1 Conducting a peer review

EXERCISE 2–2 Choosing an appropriate point of view

EXERCISE 3–2 Topic sentences

EXERCISE 3–3 Transitions

Academic Reading and Writing

Part 2: Academic Reading and Writing

As you write

Reading actively

Drafting and revising an analytical thesis

Analyzing a text

Developing an analysis

Reading visual texts actively

Drafting and revising an analytical thesis (for an image or a multimodal text)

Analyzing an image or a multimodal text

Evaluating ads for logic and fairness

Identifying appeals

Evaluating an argument

Joining a conversation

Appealing to your readers

Drafting your central claim and supporting claims

Practicing counterargument

Asking questions about literature

Evaluating a working thesis

Using quotations in literature papers

Sample student writing

Sanchez, “Rethinking Big-Box Stores” (analysis of an article)

Yoshida, “Sometimes a Cup of Coffee Is Just a Cup of Coffee” (analysis of an advertisement)

Jacobs, “From Lecture to Conversation: Redefining What’s ‘Fit to Print’” (argument)

Larson, “The Transformation of Mrs. Peters: An Analysis of ‘A Jury of Her Peers’” (literary analysis)

Exercises

EXERCISE 6–2 Evaluating arguments

EXERCISE 7–1 Thesis statements in literature papers

Clear Sentences

Part 3: Clear Sentences

Exercises

EXERCISE 8–2 Active and passive voice

EXERCISE 8–3 Identifying active and passive voice

EXERCISE 8–4 Active vs. passive voice

EXERCISE 8–5 Active vs. be verbs

EXERCISE 8–6 Active verbs

EXERCISE 9–2 Parallelism

EXERCISE 9–3 Identifying parallel structure

EXERCISE 9–4 Parallelism

EXERCISE 9–5 Parallelism

EXERCISE 9–6 Parallelism

EXERCISE 10–2 Needed words

EXERCISE 10–3 Needed words

EXERCISE 10–4 Needed words

EXERCISE 10–5 Needed words

EXERCISE 11–2 Mixed constructions

EXERCISE 11–3 Mixed constructions

EXERCISE 11–4 Mixed constructions

EXERCISE 11–5 Mixed constructions

EXERCISE 12–2 Awkward and misplaced modifiers

EXERCISE 12–3 Misplaced modifiers

EXERCISE 12–4 Misplaced modifiers

EXERCISE 12–5 Misplaced modifiers

EXERCISE 12–7 Dangling modifiers

EXERCISE 12–8 Dangling modifiers

EXERCISE 12–9 Dangling modifiers

EXERCISE 12–10 Dangling modifiers

EXERCISE 13–2 Shifts: person and number

EXERCISE 13–4 Shifts: tense

EXERCISE 13–7 Shifts: mood and voice, questions and quotations

EXERCISE 13–8 Shifts: mood and voice, questions and quotations

EXERCISE 13–9 All shifts

EXERCISE 13–10 Editing for shifts

EXERCISE 13–11 All shifts

EXERCISE 14–3 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 14–4 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 14–5 Identifying sentence emphasis

EXERCISE 14–6 Combining choppy sentences

EXERCISE 14–7 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 14–9 USING SUBORDINATION

EXERCISE 14–11 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 14–12 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 15–3 Sentence variety

LearningCurve

Word Choice

Part 4: Word Choice

Exercises

EXERCISE 16–3 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 16–4 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 16–5 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 16–6 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 16–7 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 17–3 Jargon

EXERCISE 17–4 Jargon

EXERCISE 17–8 Sexist language

EXERCISE 17–9 Sexist language

EXERCISE 17–10 Sexist language

EXERCISE 18–3 Misused words

EXERCISE 18–4 Misused words

EXERCISE 18–6 Standard idioms

EXERCISE 18–7 Standard idioms

EXERCISE 18–9 Clichés and figures of speech

EXERCISE 18–10 Clichés and figures of speech

LearningCurve

Grammatical Sentences

Part 5: Grammatical Sentences

Exercises

EXERCISE 19–3 Sentence fragments

EXERCISE 19–4 Sentence fragments

EXERCISE 19–5 Sentence fragments

EXERCISE 19–6 Sentence fragments

EXERCISE 19–7 Sentence fragments

EXERCISE 20–4 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–5 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–6 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–7 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–8 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–9 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 21–3 Subject-verb agreement

EXERCISE 21–4 Subject-verb agreement

EXERCISE 21–5 Subject-verb agreement

EXERCISE 21–6 Subject-verb agreement

EXERCISE 22–3 Pronoun-antecedent agreement

EXERCISE 22–4 Pronoun-antecedent agreement

EXERCISE 22–5 Pronoun-antecedent agreement

EXERCISE 22–6 Pronoun-antecedent agreement

EXERCISE 23–3 Pronoun reference

EXERCISE 23–4 Pronoun reference

EXERCISE 23–5 Pronoun reference

EXERCISE 23–6 Pronoun reference

EXERCISE 24–3 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)

EXERCISE 24–4 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)

EXERCISE 24–5 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)

EXERCISE 25–2 Pronoun case (who vs. whom)

EXERCISE 25–3 Pronoun case: (who vs. whom)

EXERCISE 24/25–6 Pronoun case: review

EXERCISE 24/25–7 Pronoun case: review

EXERCISE 26–3 Adjectives and adverbs

EXERCISE 26–4 Adjectives and adverbs

EXERCISE 26–5 Adjectives and adverbs

EXERCISE 27–2 Irregular verbs

EXERCISE 27–3 Irregular verbs

EXERCISE 27–4 Irregular verbs

EXERCISE 27–6 Standard English verb forms

EXERCISE 27–7 Standard English verb forms

EXERCISE 27–8 Standard English verb forms

EXERCISE 27–10 Verb tense and mood

EXERCISE 27–11 Verb tense and mood

EXERCISE 27–12 Verb tense and mood

LearningCurve

Multilingual Writers and ESL Challenges

Part 6: Multilingual Writers and ESL Challenges

Exercises

EXERCISE 28–2 Verb forms and tenses

EXERCISE 28–3 Verb forms and tenses

EXERCISE 28–5 Verb forms with modals

EXERCISE 28–6 Verb forms with modals

EXERCISE 28–8 Verbs in negative and conditional sentences

EXERCISE 28–9 Verbs in conditional sentences

EXERCISE 28–11 Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives

EXERCISE 28–12 Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives

EXERCISE 28–13 Using verbs: review

EXERCISE 29–3 Using articles

EXERCISE 29–4 Using articles

EXERCISE 29–5 Using articles

EXERCISE 29–6 Articles and types of nouns

EXERCISE 30–2 Omissions and repetitions

EXERCISE 30–3 Omissions and repetitions

EXERCISE 30–5 Sentence structure

EXERCISE 30–6 Sentence structure

EXERCISE 30–8 Present vs. past participles

EXERCISE 30–9 Present vs. past participles

EXERCISE 30–11 Using cumulative adjectives

EXERCISE 30–12 Using cumulative adjectives

EXERCISE 31–2 Prepositions showing time and place

EXERCISE 31–3 Prepositions showing time and place

LearningCurve

Punctuation

Part 7: Punctuation

Exercises

EXERCISE 32–3 Commas with independent clauses and introductory elements

EXERCISE 32–4 Commas with independent clauses and introductory elements

EXERCISE 32–7 Commas with series and with adjectives

EXERCISE 32–8 Commas with series and with adjectives

EXERCISE 32–10 Commas with nonrestrictive elements

EXERCISE 32–13 Major uses of the comma

EXERCISE 32–14 Major uses of the comma

EXERCISE 32–15 Major uses of the comma

EXERCISE 32–16 Major uses of the comma

EXERCISE 32–17 All uses of the comma

EXERCISE 33–3 Unnecessary commas

EXERCISE 33–4 Misuses of the comma

EXERCISE 33–5 Misuses of the comma

EXERCISE 34–3 The semicolon and the comma

EXERCISE 34–4 The semicolon and the comma

EXERCISE 34–5 The semicolon and the comma

EXERCISE 34–6 The semicolon and the comma

EXERCISE 35–2 The colon, the semicolon, and the comma

EXERCISE 35–3 The colon, the semicolon, and the comma

EXERCISE 36–3 The apostrophe

EXERCISE 36–4 The apostrophe

EXERCISE 36–5 The apostrophe

EXERCISE 37–3 Quotation marks

EXERCISE 37–4 Quotation marks

EXERCISE 37–5 Quotation marks

EXERCISE 38–2 End punctuation

EXERCISE 39–2 Other punctuation marks

EXERCISE 39–3 Other punctuation marks

LearningCurve

Mechanics

Part 8: Mechanics

Exercises

EXERCISE 40–2 Abbreviations

EXERCISE 40–3 Abbreviations

EXERCISE 41–2 Numbers

EXERCISE 41–3 Numbers

EXERCISE 42–2 Italics

EXERCISE 42–3 Italics

EXERCISE 43–2 Spelling

EXERCISE 44–2 The hyphen

EXERCISE 44–3 The hyphen

EXERCISE 45–2 Capitalization

EXERCISE 45–3 Capitalization

LearningCurve

Grammar Basics

Part 9: Grammar Basics

Exercises

EXERCISE 46–2 Identifying nouns

EXERCISE 46–3 Parts of speech: nouns

EXERCISE 46–4 Parts of speech: nouns

EXERCISE 46–6 Identifying pronouns

EXERCISE 46–7 Parts of speech: pronouns

EXERCISE 46–8 Parts of speech: pronouns

EXERCISE 46–10 Identifying verbs

EXERCISE 46–11 Parts of speech: verbs

EXERCISE 46–12 Parts of speech: verbs

EXERCISE 46–14 Identifying adjectives and adverbs

EXERCISE 46–15 Parts of speech: adjectives

EXERCISE 46–16 Parts of speech: adjectives

EXERCISE 46–17 Parts of speech: adverbs

EXERCISE 46–18 Parts of speech: adverbs

EXERCISE 46–19 All parts of speech

EXERCISE 46–20 All parts of speech

EXERCISE 47–2 Identifying complete subjects

EXERCISE 47–3 Subjects

EXERCISE 47–4 Subjects

EXERCISE 47–7 Subject complements and direct objects

EXERCISE 47–8 Subject complements and direct objects

EXERCISE 47–9 Indirect objects and object complements

EXERCISE 47–10 Indirect objects and object complements

EXERCISE 47–11 All objects and complements

EXERCISE 47–12 Linking, transitive, and intransitive verbs

EXERCISE 48–2 Prepositional phrases

EXERCISE 48–3 Prepositional phrases

EXERCISE 48–4 Prepositional phrases

EXERCISE 48–5 Objects of prepositions

EXERCISE 48–7 Verbal phrases

EXERCISE 48–8 Verbal phrases

EXERCISE 48–9 Verbal phrases

EXERCISE 48–11 Subordinate clauses

EXERCISE 48–12 Subordinate clauses

EXERCISE 48–13 Subordinate clauses

EXERCISE 48–14 Subjects of subordinate clauses

EXERCISE 48–15 Phrases and clauses

EXERCISE 49–2 Sentence types

EXERCISE 49–3 Sentence types

LearningCurve

Researched Writing

Part 10: Researched Writing

As you write

Asking a research question

Mapping out a search strategy

Planning with sources

Evaluating sources you find on the Web

Developing an annotated bibliography

Writing a working thesis for a research paper

Finding research help

Locating sources using online tools and databases

Choosing a documentation style

Sample student writing

Orlov, “Online Monitoring: A Threat to Employee Privacy in the Wired Workplace” (research; MLA)

Mirano, “Can Medication Cure Obesity in Children? A Review of the Literature” (literature review; APA)

Bishop, “The Massacre at Fort Pillow: Holding Nathan Bedford Forrest Accountable” (research; Chicago)

Orlov, “Online Monitoring: A Threat to Employee Privacy in the Wired Workplace: An Annotated Bibliography” (annotated bibliography; MLA)

Niemeyer, “Keynesian Policy: Implications for the Current U.S. Economic Crisis” (annotated bibliography; APA)

Exercise: Research

EXERCISE 50–1 Research questions

Exercises: MLA papers

EXERCISE 53–1 Thesis statements in MLA papers

EXERCISE 53–2 Thesis statements in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–1 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–2 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–3 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–4 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–5 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–6 Recognizing common knowledge in MLA papers

EXERCISE 55–1 Integrating sources in MLA papers

EXERCISE 55–2 Integrating sources in MLA papers

EXERCISE 55–3 Integrating sources in MLA papers

EXERCISE 55–4 Integrating sources in MLA papers

EXERCISE 56–1 MLA documentation: in-text citations

EXERCISE 56–2 MLA documentation: in-text citations

EXERCISE 56–3 MLA documentation: in-text citations

EXERCISE 56–4 MLA documentation: identifying elements of sources

EXERCISE 56–5 MLA documentation: works cited

EXERCISE 56–6 MLA documentation: works cited

EXERCISE 56–7 MLA documentation: works cited

EXERCISE 56–8 MLA documentation

Exercises: APA papers

EXERCISE 58–1 Thesis statements in APA papers

EXERCISE 58–2 Thesis statements in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–1 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–2 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–3 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–4 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–5 Recognizing common knowledge in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–1 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–2 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–3 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–4 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 61–1 APA documentation: in-text citations

EXERCISE 61–2 APA documentation: in-text citations

EXERCISE 61–3 APA documentation: in-text citations

EXERCISE 61–4 APA documentation: identifying elements of sources

EXERCISE 61–5 APA documentation: reference list

EXERCISE 61–6 APA documentation: reference list

EXERCISE 61–7 APA documentation: reference list

EXERCISE 61–8 APA documentation

Exercises: Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–1 Thesis statements in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–2 Thesis statements in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–3 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–4 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–5 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–6 Avoiding plagiarism in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–7 Recognizing common knowledge in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–8 Integrating sources in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–9 Integrating sources in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–10 Integrating sources in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–11 Integrating sources in Chicago papers

EXERCISE 63–12 Chicago documentation: identifying elements of sources

EXERCISE 63–13 Chicago documentation: notes

EXERCISE 63–14 Chicago documentation: notes

EXERCISE 63–15 Chicago documentation: notes

EXERCISE 63–16 Chicago documentation: bibliography

EXERCISE 63–17 Chicago documentation: bibliography

EXERCISE 63–18 Chicago documentation: bibliography

EXERCISE 63–19 Chicago documentation

Writing in the Disciplines

Part 11: Writing in the Disciplines

As you write

Examining the writing in a particular field

Examining a writing assignment from one of your courses

Sample student writing

Charat, “Always Out of Their Seats (and Fighting): Why Are Boys Diagnosed With ADHD More Often Than Girls?” (literature review)

Ratajczak, “Proposal to Add a Wellness Program” (business proposal)

Johnson/Arnold, “Distribution Pattern of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on an Abandoned Golf Course” (lab report)

Riss, “Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hypertension in One Client” (nursing practice paper)