Which of the following is correct?
“Antigen” and “pathogen” are synonymous terms for any disease-causing microorganism, molecule, or virus.
An antigen is a molecule or fragment of a molecule that induces a specific immune response.
A pathogen stimulates production of an antibody by the specific division of the immune system, whereas an antigen only stimulates the non-specific division of the immune system.
A single antigen often contains many different pathogens.
All of the above are correct statements.
True or False:
Each type of pathogen only contains a single antigen.
True
False
In response to the presence of an antigen, antibodies are produced by which of the following cell types?
neutrophils
cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
B cells
macrophages
natural killer cells
All antibodies have the same general Y-shaped structure. One part of the “Y” is constant; the other part is variable and allows each antibody to recognize a specific antigen. Which part of the diagram represents the variable region of the antibody?
A
B
C
D
E
The surface of this pathogen has two different antigens. What happens when the specific immune system encounters this pathogen?
B cells carrying receptors to the pathogen generate antibodies that recognize the pathogen.
B cells carrying receptors for Antigen 1 produce antibodies that recognize Antigen 1, while different B cells carrying receptors for Antigen 2 produce antibodies that recognize Antigen 2.
B cells carrying receptors for both Antigen 1 and Antigen 2 produce antibodies that recognize the two antigens.
Which of the following is NOT a way that antibodies help fight pathogens?
Antibodies bind to antigens and act as a beacon, making it easier for phagocytes to find and destroy them.
Antibodies bind to the antigens and directly kill the pathogen by poking holes in the pathogen’s cell membrane, causing it to burst.
Antibodies coat the surface of pathogens and prevent them from entering body cells.
Antibodies make pathogens clump together, which makes it easier for phagocytes to find and destroy them.