1.
2.
3.
non-specific immunity
specific immunity
physical barriers

Physical Barriers

acidic secretions
T cells
lysozyme
skin
cilia
ear wax
natural killer (NK) cells
tears

Description

Type of Immunity

  • responds to infection with fever
  • responds to infection with the inflammatory response
  • produces antibodies
  • uses lymphocytes that can each bind to just one type of antigen on a pathogen
  • uses cytokines to signal other immune cells
non-specific
specific
both

Description

Type of Immunity

  • distinguishes “self” from “non-self” by recognizing molecules on the surface of pathogens
  • forms a memory, which results in immunity against a pathogen
  • uses various types of white blood cells to attack any/all pathogens that enter
  • found in virtually all multicellular organisms
  • time lag of a few hours to several days between exposure to a pathogen and immune response
non-specific
specific
both

non-specific division cells specific division cells
B cells
dendritic cells
macrophages
natural killer (NK) cells
neutrophils
cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells

These cells are phagocytes.

These cells ingest small organisms (mostly bacteria), destroying both the pathogen and themselves in the process.

These cells link the non-specific and specific divisions of the immune system by presenting pathogen fragments to cells of the specific immune system.

These cells kill body cells infected by pathogens by poking holes in their cell membranes.

These cells are the first line of resistance to viruses.

These cells produce hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid to destroy pathogens.

These cells ingest pathogens without destroying themselves in the process.

These cells patrol tissues outside the blood vessels and ingest whole pathogens, dead cells, and other large debris.

These cells play a role in recognizing and killing cancer cells.

These cells have a single type of antigen receptor on the cell surface.

These cells develop in the bone marrow.

These cells are responsible for humoral immunity.

These cells produce antibodies.

These cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

These cells undergo clonal selection to produce effector and memory cells.

These cells directly destroy infected body cells.

These cells mature in the thymus.

These cells activate other immune cells by producing cytokines.

These cells are lymphocytes.

The lymphocytes of the specific immune system fight pathogens on two fronts.
The
immune response is carried out by B cells that
secrete antibodies into body fluids.
The
immune response is carried out by T cells that
destroy both invading pathogens and infected cells.
cell-mediated
humoral