Transition from Water to Land

Water is

than air.

denser

less dense

sturdy limbs

interlocking projections between vertebrae in the backbone

modified vertebrae to transmit body weight through the limbs to the ground

cartilaginous skeletons and fins supported by hardened rays of bone

Water in aquatic environments has a

concentration of oxygen than air in terrestrial environments.

higher

lower

gills

swim bladders

lungs

All of the above.

Water loss by evaporation is

in terrestrial

environments than in aquatic environments.

greater

lesser

gelatinous coating

watertight membrane and eggshell

laying the egg in water or other moist environments

retaining the egg and eggshell inside the mother’s body until it hatches

1. the development of lungs to allow for respiration in air

2. the development of sturdy limbs to resist the pull of gravity on land

3. modification of the vertebral column to prevent the backbone from sagging under the pull of gravity and to transmit the body weight through the limbs to the ground

4. the development of an amniotic egg with a shell and waterproof membrane, allowing for development in a drier environment

The four innovations that made life on land possible for vertebrates evolved because the animals needed these traits once they moved into terrestrial environments.

TRUE

FALSE