WEBVTT

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It shows how to adjust the brightness of an object

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when we compare it to what is immediately around the object.

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If you remove the cube and its shadows so all of the circles are on an identical white background

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we can see these circles are actually the same.

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But, in relation to  objects of different colors, the lower right blue circle looks brighter

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so we darken it to match the appearance of the top blue circle.