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Researchers (mainly from the Trait Perspective on personality) spent decades exploring and measuring personality,

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looking for individual differences in enduring characteristics called personality traits.

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Five clusters of traits emerged.

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Researchers called these clusters personality factors, and named them extraversion,

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agreeableness, openness, emotional stability, and conscientiousness.

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These factors are often referred to as the Big Five, and form the basis of the five­factor model of personality.

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Each of the five factors is considered a continuum from low to high,

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and a person’s position on each of the factors provides a comprehensive picture of that person’s personality.