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For thousands of years, humans have been observing each other and wondering what makes one person different from others.

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Across those years, philosophers and scientists proposed many theories about the existence of personality types that could explain behavior.

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According to this view, a “Type 1” person is fundamentally different from a “Type 2” or “Type 3” person on a wide range of interests, abilities, and behaviors.

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Think “leaders” vs. “followers.”

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As modern psychology developed in the 1900s, the focus shifted to personality traits—

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enduring characteristics on which people could differ along a continuum.

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Rather than classifying people as total “extraverts” or “introverts,” researchers realized that most people fall somewhere in the middle.

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It was their relative position along that continuum that distinguished one person from another.