Calculate the integral.
In order to use a substitution, rewrite in terms of sine and cosine.
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Since the numerator is the derivative of the denominator, except for a constant factor, the substitution form of the integrand is , where a is a constant factor.
Use the substitution
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Find du.
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Substitute the expressions for u and for du to write in terms of u.
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Evaluate the indefinite integral in terms of u. (Use C for the constant of integration. Remember to use ln |u| where appropriate.)
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Substitute in
to determine the given integral in terms of x.
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