Appendix A

A-1

Statistics
by Tracy L. Caldwell

  • What Does Statistics Have to Do with Psychology?

  • Descriptive Statistics: Summarizing Data

    Tabular Summaries: Frequency Distributions

    Pictures of Data: Histograms and Polygons

    Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode

    Shapes of Distributions: Normal, Skewed, and Symmetrical

    Variability: Range and Standard Deviation

    Using the Mean and Standard Deviation to Make Comparisons: z-scores

    Correlations

  • Inferential Statistics

    Were the Observed Differences Due to Chance?

    How Large Are the Observed Differences?