cervone1e

Question 1

In the context of levels of analysis, hardware is to software as

mind is to brain.

person is to mind.

person is to brain.

brain is to mind.

Question 2

What did George Sperling’s study on sensory memory indicate about the properties of iconic memory?

Its capacity is large and its duration is brief.

Its capacity is large and its duration is long.

Its capacity is small and its duration is brief.

Its capacity is small and its duration is long.

Question 3

The importance of memory-enhancing strategies is made apparent by the rate at which information in short-term memory decays, which is

about 90% of information in about 18 seconds.

about 90% of information in about 36 seconds.

about 18% of information in about 90 seconds.

about 18% of information in about 36 seconds.

Question 4

Tasha, after having taken ballet lessons for years, decides it’s time to try modern dance. She has trouble remembering the new dance moves, often reverting to the ballet style. What type of interference is she experiencing and why?

Retroactive interference, because new knowledge is interfering with old knowledge

Retroactive interference, because old knowledge is interfering with new knowledge

Proactive interference, because new knowledge is interfering with old knowledge

Proactive interference, because old knowledge is interfering with new knowledge

Question 5

You want to permanently encode the concept of retroactive interference into your long-term memory. Which of the following is the best example of deep processing of the concept?

Repeat the definition of retroactive interference several times until it “sticks.”

Write down the definition of retroactive interference at least 10 times.

Generate several examples of retroactive interference from your own life.

Pay special attention to how “retroactive interference” sounds when you say it aloud.

Question 6

Short-term memory and working memory differ in all of the following ways except which?

Working memory is an active system; short-term memory is a passive storage system.

Working memory expands on short-term memory by including a phonological loop.

Working memory is enacted outside of conscious awareness; short-term memory is entirely under our control.

Working memory expands on short-term memory by including a visuospatial sketchpad.

Question 7

That you can’t perfectly remember all the lessons that shaped your ability to read (and yet you still can read) supports which of the following statements?

Reading is a semantic memory that is also an explicit memory.

Reading is a procedural memory that is also an implicit memory.

Reading is a semantic memory that is also an implicit memory.

Reading is a procedural memory that is also an explicit memory.

Question 8

Ravi memorized the definitions of all of his vocabulary words in preparation for the upcoming quiz, but was surprised to find that his teacher used slightly different versions of the definitions on that quiz. Which of the following is true of Ravi’s study strategy?

He encoded the words using only one retrieval cue.

He encoded the words using several retrieval cues.

He encoded the words deeply, thinking carefully about their meanings.

He encoded the words using too many retrieval cues.

Question 9

A researcher primed her participants with a concept, then recorded how long it took them to interrupt a second researcher. According to the semantic network model of knowledge representation, what concept was most likely primed?

Ageism

Rudeness

Achievement

Thrift

Question 10

In embodied cognition, we use our bodies to encode our experiences and then replay those experiences to help us retrieve information. Accordingly, under which of the following circumstances would it be easiest for an individual to give someone directions to get from the college library to the dining hall? Suggest that the person giving directions

picture an aerial map of campus.

imagine walking from the library to the dining hall.

think about how the books are shelved at the library.

imagine the sounds of the dining hall.

Question 11

A researcher reads the following words to participants: “bed,” “rest,” “nap,” “slumber,” “dream,” “blanket.” According to research on false memory, what word are they likely to misremember having been on the list?

“Needle,” because it’s a noun.

“Heart,” because it ends in a consonant.

“Sleep,” because it’s semantically similar.

“List,” because the words are in a list.

Question 12

What is the cautionary tale told by the research on individuals’ flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks?

Do not confuse your confidence in a memory with its accuracy.

Pay more attention to the details of everyday memories.

Seek out as many emotionally stimulating experiences as possible.

Do not let post-event information create false memories for that event.

Question 13

What would be the best technique for memorizing the following sequence of letters? CBSABCNBCTBSUSATNT

Rehearsal

Method of loci

Peg system

Chunking

Question 14

According to recent research, to increase the size of the hippocampus, and thus improve semantic memory, what can one do?

Take up yoga

Join a Pilates class

Find an aerobics class

Do crossword puzzles

Question 15

Which of the following is true of how the memory of an event, such as learning how to solve a math problem, is stored?

It’s only an example of a procedural memory, so it’s stored in the hippocampus.

It’s only an example of a semantic memory, so it’s stored in the hippocampus.

It’s only an example of an episodic memory, so it’s stored in the hippocampus.

It is a complex memory whose components are represented in several different parts of the brain.

Chapter 6 Self-Test