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Chapter 10 Self-Test

Question 1

Which of the following conclusions was supported by Bechara and colleagues’ study in which participants engaged in the Iowa Gambling Task?

Emotions can impair decision making.

Emotions can help us make good decisions.

Emotions make it difficult to describe our thoughts.

Emotions make it easier to describe our thoughts.

Question 2

You are anxious about an upcoming exam, so you study extra hard for it. What does this illustrate about emotions?

They have motivational power.

They help us to communicate our thoughts.

Their accompanying facial expressions are universal.

They are difficult to measure.

Question 3

Researchers presented Western Caucasian and East Asian participants with photos of individuals of varying facial expressions and asked them to identify the underlying emotion in each. What did the researchers find and what could they conclude?

Both groups paid attention to the same facial structures when making their judgments. Culture plays a role in emotion detection.

When making their judgments, Western Caucasians paid attention to the eyebrows and mouth, whereas East Asians paid attention to the direction of gaze. Culture does not play a role in emotion detection.

Both groups paid attention to the same facial structures when making their judgments. Culture does not play a role in emotion detection.

When making their judgments, Western Caucasians paid attention to the eyebrows and mouth, whereas East Asians paid attention to the direction of gaze. Culture plays a role in emotion detection.

Question 4

Which of the following emotions contributes to moral judgment?

Embarrassment

Anxiety

Disgust

Fear

Question 5

Joan receives an invitation to a party and is immediately filled with dread. Jemma gets the same invitation and is thrilled. According to appraisal theories of emotion, what explains their different emotional reactions?

Joan is processing the information in a brain area that is different than Jemma’s.

Joan has assigned a different meaning to the event than has Jemma.

Joan is experiencing bodily arousal, whereas Jemma is not.

Joan is an introvert and Jemma is an extrovert.

Question 6

Hindu women from northern India, a collectivistic culture, experience lajja when they feel they are acting according to their social obligations. Westerners do not experience this emotion. Which of the following theories can best account for cultural variations in emotion such as this?

Cannon–Bard theory of emotion

Schachter–Singer theory of emotion

James–Lange theory of emotion

Appraisal theories of emotion

Question 7

The chapter describes a study by Gross (1998) in which participants watched a film of a leg being amputated under one of two experimental conditions. They were instructed to either appraise the film in a scientific manner or to suppress their emotions. A control group was given no instruction. What did the results of the study suggest?

Suppression is an effective strategy for reducing arousal.

Changing appraisals is an effective strategy for reducing arousal.

Suppressing emotions is as effective as changing appraisals for reducing arousal.

Some events are so horrible to watch that arousal cannot be reduced by any means.

Question 8

If you’re like most people, how would you respond to the question “How would you feel if you got a failing grade in this class?”

I would overestimate its impact on my emotions and predict that I would be devastated.

I would underestimate its impact on my emotions and predict that I wouldn’t be bothered.

I would not have much insight into my emotions; people typically “draw a blank” when asked to predict future emotions.

I would immediately experience a “fight or flight” reaction.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of the two-dimensional structure of mood?

Theoretically, your mood can be located at only one place in the “mood map.”

Arousal and valence are opposites.

Theoretically, you can simultaneously be calm and tense.

These dimensions were identified to help explain why we have mixed emotions.

Question 10

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According to research on mood-as-information hypothesis, how will you respond to the question “How much do you like the town where you live?”

If I’m in a good mood, I will probably say that I like it quite a bit.

If I’m in a bad mood, I will probably say that I like it quite a bit.

If I’m in a good mood, I’ll be motivated to lie about how much I like it.

If I’m in a bad mood, I’ll be motivated to lie about how much I like it.

Question 11

It is the middle of the night. You hear a loud banging noise, then your heart starts racing. You become very scared. In this scenario, your arousal preceded emotion and was the cause of it. Which of the following theories of emotion best accounts for this pattern?

Cannon–Bard theory of emotion

Schachter–Singer theory of emotion

James–Lange theory of emotion

Appraisal theories of emotion

Question 12

A team of researchers evaluated over 150 brain-imaging studies to come to some conclusions about what brain structures are involved in emotion. What did they find?

Complex emotional experience is produced entirely by the limbic system.

Complex emotional experience is produced entirely by the cortex.

Complex emotional experience is produced entirely by the thalamus.

Complex emotional experience is produced by several interconnected structures within the limbic system and cortex.

Question 13

We experience subjective stress when we judge that situational demands outweigh our resources, which means that two people can experience the same situation, yet experience different levels of stress. Which contemporary theory of emotion best accounts for this difference?

Cannon–Bard theory of emotion

Schachter–Singer theory of emotion

James–Lange theory of emotion

Appraisal theories of emotion

Question 14

The body regulates the stress response via activity in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. What is the final step in this process?

ACTH is carried by the bloodstream to the adrenal glands.

ACTH causes the adrenal glands to release cortisol into the bloodstream.

The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) into a duct that leads to the pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Question 15

Which of the following is true of successful coping?

Emotion-focused strategies are typically the most advantageous.

Adjusting coping strategies to meet situational demands is most advantageous.

Problem-focused strategies are typically the most advantageous.

The tend-and-befriend strategy is typically the most advantageous.