cervone1e

Chapter 12 Self-Test

Question 1

In a crowd, which of the following variables is likely to increase aggression?

Anonymity

Shared identity

Social norms

Self-focus

Question 2

How do people typically respond during disasters?

By panicking

By helping others

By behaving aggressively

By looting

Question 3

If Asch’s participants had been aware that the other “participants” were confederates, what might the results have been?

The pressure to conform would have increased greatly.

It would have taken fewer people to convince them to conform.

The effect of unanimity on conformity would have been stronger.

The pressure to conform would have decreased greatly.

Question 4

What recommendation can you make to someone who would like to avoid groupthink?

Increase pressure for the group to come to a consensus.

Appoint a member to argue against dissenting opinions.

Guide the group to identify and defend the most popular opinion.

Appoint a member to introduce a dissenting opinion.

Question 5

Jasmine attended a talk at an academic conference. When she entered the room, she was approached by a peer and asked to wear a special ribbon on her lapel that indicated she was a proud supporter of the organization that sponsored the talk. She was later asked to join the organization, which required paying $50. Which of the following techniques was used to increase the likelihood she would comply?

Obedience to authority

Increased systematic information processing

Foot-in-the-door

Disrupt-then-reframe

Question 6

What did Milgram hope to demonstrate with his initial obedience experiments?

Some situations are so powerful that they can override personal convictions.

People will gladly harm others if they know there are no repercussions.

Certain types of people are more likely to obey than others.

Americans are incredibly gullible.

Question 7

In what way was Milgram’s obedience study similar to Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment?

Participants in both studies were randomly assigned to conditions.

They both demonstrated that powerful situational forces can override personality.

Participants in both studies were preselected based on personality characteristics.

They both demonstrated that people will willingly and happily harm others.

Page 547

Question 8

You are the teacher of a third-grade classroom whose boys and girls have developed quite a rivalry. Given what you know about Sherif’s Robbers Cave study, what can you do to increase harmony among the boys and girls?

Ask them to come up with a name for their “teams.”

Bring them together for fun competitions.

Ask them to describe what makes their “team” great.

Have them work toward a shared goal.

Question 9

You’re getting ready to move from one apartment to another and need to recruit some friends to help. Given what we know about the bystander effect, which of the following strategies will be most effective?

Use social media to alert every one of your friends and/or followers at once that you need help.

Contact your friends individually and explain to each why you thought of him or her in particular.

Send an email to everyone in your address book stating that you need their help.

Contact each of your friends separately. Tell each one that you’re asking as many people as you can for help.

Question 10

When taking cookies out of the oven, you burn your hand slightly. According to research described in the text, what can you do to reduce the pain?

Think of your romantic partner.

Remind yourself of your social identity.

Process information holistically.

Pretend you’re a prison guard.

Question 11

Most people in your social circle like you except for one person. What kind of attribution are you likely to make for his feelings about you?

A personal attribution; there’s something about him that is causing him to not like you.

A situational attribution; there’s something about him that is causing him to not like you.

A personal attribution; there’s something about you that is causing him to not like you.

A situational attribution; there’s something about you that is causing him to not like you.

Question 12

You just got a speeding ticket. If you engage in the fundamental attribution error, how will you characterize the officer who wrote that ticket?

“He wrote me a ticket because he’s a jerk.”

“He wrote me a ticket because I was speeding.”

“He wrote me a ticket because I’m a jerk.”

“He wrote me a ticket because speeding is a dangerous moving violation.”

Question 13

In Festinger and Carlsmith’s (1959) classic study on cognitive dissonance, which group of participants had the least amount of justification for their behavior and why? Those who were paid

$20 to tell the next participant the study wasn’t boring, because $20 is too little money to be paid to lie.

$20 to tell the next participant the study wasn’t boring, because $20 is too much money to be paid to lie.

$1 to tell the next participant the study wasn’t boring, because $1 is too little money to be paid to lie.

$1 to tell the next participant the study wasn’t boring, because $1 is too much money to be paid to lie.

Question 14

Which of the following studies described in the text illustrated the effects of an intergroup contact intervention?

Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment

Milgram’s obedience study

Sherif’s Robbers Cave study

Asch’s conformity experiment

Question 15

What psychological experience is attributed to the functioning of the mirror system?

We are able to infer the traits others possess simply by observing them.

We are able to understand why people behave as they do by observing them.

People experience less pain when they look at a picture of their romantic partner.

People are likely to agree to a larger request if they’ve first agreed to a small one.