cervone1e

Question 1

Dr. Reed met with his client for a couple of weeks before determining that the cause of her symptoms, including a marked disinterest in activities and a deep sadness, was depression. Dr. Reed’s approach, characterized by a search for the inner causes of outward symptoms, is commonly referred to as

the medical model.

the diagnostic model.

the mental illness model.

the disorder model.

Question 2

Homosexuality was included as a disorder in the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) but doesn’t appear in the current edition. What does this suggest about the process through which disorders are included and excluded in the DSM?

The process is free of clinician bias.

The process is always firmly grounded in scientific research.

The process includes consideration of social trends.

The process does not make room for public opinion.

Question 3

Shayna wanted to get over her fear of dogs, so she employed the help of a therapist who asked her to imagine different situations that included dogs. In these situations, she got successively closer to interacting with a dog. Throughout this process, her therapist helped her to remain calm. Eventually, Shayna learned that that she could pet a dog without any negative consequences. What therapeutic technique did her therapist use?

Beck’s cognitive therapy

Systematic desensitization

Free association

Group therapy

Question 4

Throughout the course of several sessions, Sasha hypothesized that much of her client’s psychological distress stemmed from his belief that he couldn’t trust anyone. Sasha asked her client questions to make him aware of the belief, but also to challenge it. What type of therapy was Sasha most likely using?

Cognitive therapy

Psychoanalysis

Humanistic therapy

Eclectic therapy

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the approach called cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Contrary to its name, it is not at all focused on teaching new behaviors.

Like psychoanalysis, it is very focused on traumatic events from the past.

It is employed when it would be useful to target clients’ emotions and thinking.

Its primary goal is to provide for clients interpersonal relationships than enable them to discover, within themselves, the capacity for psychological growth.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of how therapists choose their therapeutic strategies?

Therapists in the United States are required to draw on at least two theoretical orientations.

Most therapists in the United States describe their theoretical orientation as eclectic.

Therapists in the United States are required to stick to one theoretical orientation.

Most therapists in the United States prefer to stick with one theoretical orientation.

Question 7

Under which of the following circumstances could individuals experience a placebo effect?

When they didn’t know they were taking a drug

When they believed the drug they took will make them feel better

When they believed that drugs are of little use in treating disorders

When they were told the drug they took would not make them feel better

Question 8

What proportion of individuals in the United States will experience major depressive disorder in their lifetime?

10%

15%

Question 9

For which of the following disorders is someone most likely to be prescribed mood stabilizers such as lithium, anticonvulsants, or antipsychotics?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Bipolar disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder

Panic disorder

Question 10

To what does the “mastery” in mastery therapy (used to treat phobias) refer?

Clients give mastery to the therapist to cure them.

Clients gain mastery to control fear on their own.

Clients give mastery to a higher power to help them.

Clients gain a master’s degree in fear management.

Question 11

DeWan’s sister suffers from generalized anxiety disorder and he does his best to be compassionate. However, one day he found himself blurting, “If you would just stop worrying about everything, you’d get better!” Considering the symptoms of the disorder, which of the following is most problematic about his outburst (besides its insensitivity)?

His sister may feel she lacks the ability to control her worrying.

His sister may enjoy worrying.

His sister may not feel she is ready to stop worrying.

The worrying itself may be adaptive.

Question 12

Why is exposure therapy an effective approach for treating panic disorder?

Many people believe that it works, so its effectiveness is largely due to placebo effects.

Many find exposure therapy exhilarating and are therefore distracted by the positive arousal it creates.

Clients learn there are no harmful consequences to being placed in situations that had in the past triggered panic attacks.

Clients are encouraged to identify past traumas that may have triggered panic attacks and to make meaning of them.

Question 13

Why is group therapy an effective approach for treating social anxiety disorder?

Its sessions are dominated by the therapist, who is a master of social interaction.

Its group membership changes every week, so clients don’t have to worry about meeting others again.

Its sessions are highly scripted and clients enjoy their comfort and familiarity.

It provides an opportunity for clients to practice social skills and to have mastery experiences in social settings.

Question 14

Why is exposure and response prevention therapy an effective approach for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Clients eventually learn there are no harmful consequences to not engaging in their compulsions.

Clients are given “tokens” for refraining from engaging in their compulsions, which they use to purchase other valued items.

Clients are led to understand that their compulsions are largely the result of past unresolved traumas.

Clients learn to replace old compulsive behaviors with those that are more socially acceptable.

Question 15

Bertram was the sole survivor of a head-on collision that killed his family three years ago. He is often visited by vivid and horrific memories of the accident and feels extremely guilty that he survived. He is easily startled. What disorder is characterized by these particular symptoms?