Chapter 1 An Introduction to Rhetoric: Using the “Available Means”
ACTIVITY Understanding Civil Discourse
The Rhetorical Situation
Occasion, Context, and Purpose
The Rhetorical Triangle
ACTIVITY Analyzing a Rhetorical Situation
SOAPS
ACTIVITY George W. Bush, 9/11 Speech
Rhetorical Appeals
Ethos
ACTIVITY Appealing to Ethos
Logos
Conceding and Refuting
ACTIVITY George Will, from King Coal: Reigning in China
Pathos
Images and Pathos
Humor and Pathos
ACTIVITY Dwight D. Eisenhower, Order of the Day
Combining Ethos, Logos, and Pathos
ACTIVITY Combining Appeals
Rhetorical Analysis of Fiction and Poetry
ACTIVITY Alice Dunbar Nelson, I sit and sew
Rhetorical Analysis of Visual Texts
ACTIVITY U.S. Army and U.S. Navy Recruitment Posters
Determining Effective and Ineffective Rhetoric
ACTIVITY Tamar Demby, Alarmist or Alarming Rhetoric? (student essay)
ACTIVITY Federal Highway Administration, Stop for Pedestrians (advertisement)
CULMINATING ACTIVITY The Apollo 11 Mission
Chapter 2 Close Reading: The Art and Craft of Analysis
Analyzing Style
Establishing the Rhetorical Situation
A Model Analysis
Determining Tone
ACTIVITY Angelina Grimké Weld, Speech at Pennsylvania Hall
Talking with the Text
Asking Questions
ACTIVITY Ralph Ellison, from On Bird, Bird-Watching and Jazz
Annotating
Using a Graphic Organizer
From Close Reading to Analysis
ACTIVITY Tecumseh, Address to the Osages
Writing a Close-Analysis Essay
Developing a Thesis Statement
A Sample Close-Analysis Essay
ACTIVITY Christopher Morley, On Laziness
Close Reading Fiction
ACTIVITY Robert Penn Warren, from All the King's Men
Close Reading Poetry
ACTIVITY Langston Hughes, Harlem
Close Reading Visual Texts
ACTIVITY Environmental Protection Agency, Slip, Slop, Slap & Wrap! (advertisement)
CULMINATING ACTIVITY John F. Kennedy's Inauguration
Chapter 3 Analyzing Arguments: From Reading to Writing
What Is Argument?
ACTIVITY Finding Common Ground
ESSAY IN PROGRESS: Selecting a Topic
Staking a Claim
ACTIVITY Identifying Arguable Statements
Types of Claims
Claims of Fact
Claims of Value
ACTIVITY Analyzing a Review
Claims of Policy
ACTIVITY New York Times Editorial Board, Felons and the Right to Vote
ESSAY IN PROGRESS: Staking a Claim
From Claim to Thesis
Closed Thesis Statements
Open Thesis Statements
Counterargument Thesis Statements
ACTIVITY Developing Thesis Statements
ESSAY IN PROGRESS: Developing a Thesis
Presenting Evidence
Relevant, Accurate, and Sufficient Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Fallacies of Relevance
Fallacies of Accuracy
Fallacies of Insufficiency
First-Hand Evidence
Personal Experience
Anecdotes
Current Events
Second-Hand Evidence
Historical Information
Expert Opinion
Quantitative Evidence
Literary Sources
ACTIVITY Identifying Logical Fallacies
ACTIVITY Dana Thomas, Terror's Purse Strings
ESSAY IN PROGRESS: Using Evidence
Shaping Argument
The Classical Oration
Induction and Deduction
Induction
Deduction
ESSAY IN PROGRESS: Shaping an Argument
Combining Induction and Deduction
Using the Toulmin Model
Analyzing Assumptions
ACTIVITY Identifying Assumptions
From Reading to Writing
ACTIVITY Using Argument Templates
Analyzing Literary Texts as Arguments
ACTIVITY Langston Hughes, Mother to Son
Analyzing Visual Texts as Arguments
ACTIVITY Sian Kennedy, Sulphur, LA (photograph)
ESSAY IN PROGRESS: Using Visual Evidence
CULMINATING ACTIVITY Body Image
ESSAY IN PROGRESS: First Draft
Chapter 4 Synthesizing Sources: Entering the Conversation
ACTIVITY Reflecting on Sources
Using Sources to Inform an Argument
Using Sources in Literary Analysis
ACTIVITY Gerald L. Early, from A Level Playing Field
Using Sources to Appeal to an Audience
ACTIVITY Examining a Columnist
CONVERSATION Education: The Civil Rights Issue of Our Time?
Horace Mann, from Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education (1848)
Norman Rockwell, The Problem We All Live With (painting, 1964)
Edward P. Jones, The First Day (1992)
Antonio Alvarez, Out of My Hands (2008)
Blake Ellis, Average Student Loan Debt Nears $27,000 (2012)
David Kirp, The Secret to Fixing Bad Schools (2013)
Ross Douthat, The Secrets of Princeton (2013)
Caroline M. Hoxby and Christopher Avery, from The Missing “One-Offs”: The Hidden Supply of High-Achieving, Low-Income Students (2013)
Writing a Synthesis Essay
Formulating Your Position
ACTIVITY Supporting a Thesis
Framing Quotations
Integrating Quotations
ACTIVITY Using Sources Effectively
Citing Sources
A Sample Synthesis Essay
Questions
CULMINATING ACTIVITY Leon Botstein, Let Teenagers Try Adulthood
Chapter 5 A Meeting of Old and New Worlds: Beginnings to 1750
Native American Origin Stories
Exploring the Text
Native American Trickster Stories
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: N. Scott Momaday, The Becoming of the Native (1993)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Iroquois Confederacy, from The Iroquois Constitution (c. 1142)
Exploring the Text
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca from The Relation of Cabeza de Vaca (1542)
Exploring the Text
Richard Frethorne, Letter to Father and Mother (1623)
Exploring the Text
Anne Bradstreet, The Prologue (1650)
Exploring the Text
Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book (1678)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Eavan Boland, Becoming Anne Bradstreet (2012)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Anonymous, Mrs. Elizabeth Freake and Baby Mary (painting, c. 1671)
Exploring the Text
Edward Taylor, Huswifery (c. 1680)
Exploring the Text
Mary Rowlandson, from A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson (1682)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Louise Erdrich, Captivity (1991)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Cotton Mather, Wonders of the Invisible World: A Hortatory and Necessary Address to a Country Now Extraordinarily Alarum’d by the Wrath of the Devil (1693)
Exploring the Text
John Hale, from A Modest Inquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft (1697, 1702)
Exploring the Text
CONVERSATION The American Jeremiad
John Winthrop, from A Modell of Christian Charity (1630)
Questions
Jonathan Edwards, from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (1741)
Questions
Frederick Douglass, from What, to the Slave, Is the Fourth of July? (1852)
Questions
Robert F. Kennedy, The Mindless Menace of Violence (1968)
Questions
Ronald Reagan, from Farewell Address (1989)
Questions
Stephen H. Webb, How Soccer Is Ruining America: A Jeremiad (2009)
Questions
American Lung Association, Sandwich. Snack. Arsenic. (advertisement, 2011)
Questions
Barack Obama, Tucson Memorial Speech (2011)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION The Columbus Day Controversy
Christopher Columbus, from Journal of the First Voyage to America (1492)
Questions
King Ferdinand of Spain, The Requierimiento (1513)
Questions
John Vanderlyn, Landing of Columbus (1847)
Questions
Walt Whitman, Prayer of Columbus (1874)
Questions
Jack Weatherford, Examining the Reputation of Christopher Columbus (1989)
Questions
Michael S. Berliner, The Christopher Columbus Controversy (1991)
Questions
National Public Radio, Wilma Mankiller Reflects on Columbus Day (2008)
Questions
William J. Connell, What Columbus Day Really Means (2010)
Questions
Laurence Bergreen, from Columbus: The Four Voyages (2011)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION Pocahontas: A Woman, a Movie, a Myth?
Daniel Richter, Living with Europeans (2002)
Questions
Simon van de Passe, Matoaka als Rebecca (1616)
Questions
Captain John Smith, Letter to Queen Anne of Great Britain (1616)
Questions
John Gadsby Chapman, The Baptism of Pocahontas (1839)
Questions
George P. Morris, The Chieftain's Daughter: A Ballad (1840)
Questions
Howard Chandler Christy, Pocahontas (1911)
Questions
Paula Gunn Allen, Pocahontas to Her English Husband, John Rolfe (1988)
Questions
Gary Edgerton and Kathy Merlock Jackson, from Redesigning Pocahontas: Disney, the “White Man’s Indian,” and the Marketing of Dreams (1996)
Questions
Paula Gunn Allen, from Pocahontas: Medicine Woman, Spy, Entrepreneur, Diplomat (2004)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
Grammar as Rhetoric and Style Subordination in the Complex Sentence
Exercise 1: Subordination in the Complex Sentence
Exercise 2: Subordination in the Complex Sentence
Exercise 3: Subordination in the Complex Sentence
Exercise 4: Subordination in the Complex Sentence
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING A Meeting of Old and New Worlds
Chapter 6 A New Republic: 1750–1830
Benjamin Franklin, The Speech of Miss Polly Baker (1747)
Exploring the Text
Benjamin Franklin, from Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1784)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: D. H. Lawrence, from Benjamin Franklin (1923)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Benjamin West, William Penn’s Treaty with the Indians (painting, 1772)
Exploring the Text
Paul Revere, The Able Doctor, or America Swallowing the Bitter Draught (cartoon, 1774)
Exploring the Text
Patrick Henry, Speech to the Second Virginia Convention (1775)
Exploring the Text
Thomas Paine, from Common Sense (1776)
Exploring the Text
Thomas Paine, from The Crisis, I (1776)
Exploring the Text
Thomas Paine, from The Final Crisis, XIII (1783)
Exploring the Text
Thomas Paine, from The Age of Reason (1794)
Exploring the Text
Abigail and John Adams, Letters (1776)
Exploring the Text
Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence (1776)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Ho Chi Minh, Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, from Letters from an American Farmer (1782)
Exploring the Text
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, from The Federalist Papers (1787)
The Federalist No. 1
Exploring the Text
The Federalist No. 10
Exploring the Text
Preamble to the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights (1789)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Sanford Levinson, Our Imbecilic Constitution with Letters to the Editor (2012)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Judith Sargent Murray, from On the Equality of the Sexes (1790)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: H. L. Mencken, from In Defense of Women (1918)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Benjamin Banneker, Letter to Thomas Jefferson with Response from Thomas Jefferson (1791)
Exploring the Text
Chief Tecumseh, Address to Governor William Henry Harrison (1810)
Exploring the Text
Francis Scott Key, The Star-Spangled Banner (1814)
Exploring the Text
Washington Irving, Rip Van Winkle (1820)
Exploring the Text
CONVERSATION The Myth of George Washington
George Washington, Letter to Colonel Lewis Nicola (1782)
Questions
George Washington, from Farewell Address (1796)
Questions
Gilbert Stuart, George Washinton —Lansdowne Portrait (1796)
Questions
Mason Locke Weems, from A History of the Life and Death, Virtues and Exploits of General George Washington (1799)
Questions
Horatio Greenough, George Washington (1832)
Questions
Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851)
Questions
Jane Addams, Tribute to George Washington (1903)
Questions
Frank O’Hara, On Seeing Larry Rivers’ Washington Crossing the Delaware at the Museum of Modern Art (1957)
Questions
Jill Lepore, from His Highness (2010)
Questions
Dodge Motor Company, This Is the Car You Buy Because You Can’t Buy a Bald Eagle (2010)
Questions
Edward G. Lengel, from Inventing George Washington (2011)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION Religious Tolerance
Kenneth C. Davis, America’s True History of Religious Tolerance (2010)
Questions
James Madison, from Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments (1785)
Questions
Thomas Jefferson, The Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom (1779)
Questions
George Washington, To the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island (1790)
Questions
Red Jacket, Defense of Native American Religion (1805)
Questions
John F. Kennedy, Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association (1960)
Questions
Jeff Jacoby, The Role of Religion in Government: Invoking Jesus at the Inauguration (2001)
Questions
Diane L. Eck, from A New Religious America: How a “Christian Country” Has Become the World’s Most Religiously Diverse Nation (2001)
Questions
Gary Tramontina, Ten Commandments Courthouse Controversy (2003)
Questions
Michael Bloomberg, Ground Zero Mosque Speech (2010)
Questions
John Fea, from Was America Founded as a Christian Nation? (2011)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION The Influence of Phillis Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America (1773)
Questions
Phillis Wheatley, To S.M. a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works (1773)
Questions
Phillis Wheatley, To the University of Cambridge, in New-England (1773)
Questions
Phillis Wheatley, To His Excellency General Washington (1776) (along with letters)
Questions
Phillis Wheatley, Letter to Reverend Samson Occom (1774)
Questions
Kevin Young, Homage to Phillis Wheatley (1998)
Questions
June Jordan, from The Difficult Miracle of Black Poetry in America (2002)
Questions
Henry Louis Gates Jr., Mr. Jefferson and the Trials of Phillis Wheatley (2002)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
GRAMMAR AS RHETORIC AND STYLE Appositives
Exercise 1: Appositives
Exercise 2: Appositives
Exercise 3: Appositives
Exercise 4: Appositives
Exercise 5: Appositives
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING A New Republic
Chapter 7 America in Conflict: 1830-1865
William Cullen Bryant, Thanatopsis (1817)
Exploring the Text
William Cullen Bryant, To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe: A Sonnet (1829)
Exploring the Text
Thomas Cole, View from Mt. Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm — The Oxbow (painting, 1836)
Exploring the Text
Asher B. Durand, Kindred Spirits (painting, 1849)
Exploring the Text
Nathaniel Hawthorne, My Kinsman, Major Molineux (1832)
Exploring the Text
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, A Psalm of Life (1838)
Exploring the Text
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Nature (1878)
Exploring the Text
Edgar Allan Poe, The Fall of the House of Usher (1839)
Exploring the Text
Ralph Waldo Emerson, from Self-Reliance (1841)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Benjamin Anastas, The Foul Reign of Emerson’s “Self-Reliance” (2011)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Margaret Fuller, from Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845)
Exploring the Text
Frederick Douglass, from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself (1845)
Exploring the Text
Sojourner Truth, Ain’t I a Woman? (1851)
Exploring the Text
Harriet Beecher Stowe, from Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or Life among the Lowly (1852)
Exploring the Text
Historic Fredericksburg Foundation, Auction Block Monument (1984)
Exploring the Text
Herman Melville, from Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (1851)
Exploring the Text
Herman Melville, Shiloh: A Requiem (1862)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: William Stafford, At the Un-National Monument along the Canadian Border (1975)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Chief Seattle, Message to President Franklin Pierce (1854)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Dr. Rayna Green, from A Modest Proposal: The Museum of the Plains White Person (1981)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Walt Whitman, There Was a Child Went Forth (1855)
Exploring the Text
Walt Whitman, O Captain! My Captain! (1865)
Exploring the Text
Walt Whitman, Crossing Brooklyn Ferry (1856, 1892)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California (1955)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Jefferson Davis, Inaugural Address (1861)
Exploring the Text
Alfred M. Green, Let Us Take Up the Sword (1861)
Exploring the Text
Anonymous, No More Auction Block for Me or, Many Thousands Gone (c. 1860s)
Exploring the Text
Harriet Jacobs, from Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself (1861)
Exploring the Text
Alexander Gardner, Confederate Dead before the Dunker Church (photograph, 1862)
Exploring the Text
Timothy O’Sullivan, A Harvest of Death (photograph, 1863)
Exploring the Text
Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Regiments, Come and Join Us Brothers (advertisement, 1863)
Exploring the Text
CONVERSATION Abraham Lincoln: The Great Emancipator
Abraham Lincoln, The Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Questions
Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address (1863)
Questions
Abraham Lincoln, Letter to Albert G. Hodges (1864)
Questions
Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (1865)
Questions
Henry W. Herrick, Reading the Emancipation Proclamation in the Slaves’ Cabin (1864)
Questions
Thomas Ball, Freedman’s Memorial to Abraham Lincoln (1876)
Questions
Frederick Douglass, from Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (1886)
Questions
Mario M. Cuomo, from Abraham Lincoln and Our “Unfinished Work” (1986)
Questions
James McPherson, from Who Freed the Slaves? (1996)
Questions
Ira Berlin, from Who Freed the Slaves? Emancipation and Its Meaning (1997)
Questions
Peter Norvig, The Gettysburg PowerPoint Presentation (2003)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION John Brown: Patriot or Terrorist?
John Brown, Last Speech (1859)
Questions
John Brown, Last Letter to His Family (1859)
Questions
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Letter to John Brown (1859)
Questions
Henry David Thoreau, from A Plea for Captain John Brown (1859)
Questions
Thomas Hovenden, The Last Moments of John Brown (c. 1882)
Questions
Ken Chowder, The Father of American Terrorism (2000)
Questions
Robert E. McGlone, The “Madness” of John Brown (2009)
Questions
David Reynolds, Freedom’s Martyr (2009)
Questions
Tony Horowitz, The 9/11 of 1859 (2009)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION The Legacy of Henry David Thoreau
Bill McKibben, from Walden: Living Deliberately (2008)
Questions
Henry David Thoreau, from Walden (1854)
Questions
E. B. White, from Walden (1939)
Questions
Robert Crumb, A Short History of America (1979)
Questions
Annie Dillard, Living like Weasels (1982)
Questions
E. O. Wilson, from The Future of Life (2002)
Questions
Sue Monk Kidd, Doing Nothing (2008)
Questions
William Powers, from Hamlet’s BlackBerry (2010)
Questions
Crispin Sartwell, My Walden, My Walmart (2012)
Questions
Ken Ilgunas, from Walden on Wheels: On the Open Road from Debt to Freedom (2013)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
GRAMMAR AS RHETORIC AND STYLE Cumulative, Periodic, and Inverted Sentences
Exercise 1: Cumulative, Periodic, and Inverted Sentences
Exercise 2: Cumulative, Periodic, and Inverted Sentences
Exercise 3: Cumulative, Periodic, and Inverted Sentences
Exercise 4: Cumulative, Periodic, and Inverted Sentences
Exercise 5: Cumulative, Periodic, and Inverted Sentences
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING America in Conflict
Chapter 8 Reconstructing America: 1865—1913
Jourdon Anderson, To My Old Master (1865)
Exploring the Text
Winslow Homer, The Veteran in a New Field (painting, 1865)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Natasha Trethewey, Again, the Fields: After Winslow Homer (2006)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Emily Dickinson, “Hope” is the thing with feathers – (c. 1861)
Exploring the Text
Emily Dickinson, The Soul selects her own Society – (c. 1862)
Exploring the Text
Emily Dickinson, After great pain, a formal feeling comes – (c. 1862)
Exploring the Text
Emily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzz – when I died – (c. 1862)
Exploring the Text
Emily Dickinson, My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun – (c. 1863)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Hans Ostrom, Emily Dickinson and Elvis Presley in Heaven (2006)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Does Not Such a Meeting Make Amends? (cartoon, 1869)
Exploring the Text
Red Cloud, Speech on Indian Rights (1870)
Exploring the Text
Thomas Nast, Worse than Slavery (cartoon, 1874)
Exploring the Text
Mark Twain, from Life on the Mississippi (1883)
Exploring the Text
Sarah Orne Jewett, A White Heron (1886)
Exploring the Text
Albert Bierstadt, The Last of the Buffalo (painting, 1888)
Exploring the Text
Andrew Carnegie, from The Gospel of Wealth (1889)
Exploring the Text
Jacob Riis, The Mixed Crowd (1890)
Exploring the Text
Ambrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (1890)
Exploring the Text
Ida B. Wells-Barnett, from Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases (1892)
Exploring the Text
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour (1894)
Exploring the Text
Booker T. Washington, The Atlanta Exposition Address (1895)
Exploring the Text
Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask (1896)
Exploring the Text
Paul Laurence Dunbar, Douglass (1903)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Robert Hayden, Frederick Douglass (1947)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Stephen Crane, The Open Boat: A Tale Intended to Be After the Fact. Being the Experience of Four Men from the Sunk Steamer Commodore (1897)
Exploring the Text
E.A. Robinson, Richard Cory (1897)
Exploring the Text
E.A. Robinson, Miniver Cheevy (1910)
Exploring the Text
Theodore Roosevelt, The Strenuous Life (1899)
Exploring the Text
Jane Addams, from The Subtle Problem of Charity (1899)
Exploring the Text
Katharine Lee Bates, America the Beautiful (1912)
Exploring the Text
Zitkala-Ša, from The School Days of an Indian Girl (1900)
Exploring the Text
James Weldon Johnson, Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing (1900)
Exploring the Text
W. E. B. DuBois, The Talented Tenth (1903)
Exploring the Text
Willa Cather, The Sculptor’s Funeral (1905)
Exploring the Text
Upton Sinclair, from The Jungle (1906)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Eric Schlosser, from Fast Food Nation (2002)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
CONVERSATION The Changing Roles of Women
Susan B. Anthony, Sentencing Statement (1872)
Questions
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, from Women and Economics (1898)
Questions
Thorstein Veblen, from The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899)
Questions
Edith Wharton, from The House of Mirth (1905)
Questions
Florence Kelley, Speech on Child Labor (1905)
Questions
Dunston-Weiler Lithograph Company, Suffragette Madonna and Uncle Sam, Suffragee (1909)
Questions
Bertha M. Boye, Votes for Women (1911)
Questions
Marie Jenney Howe, An Anti-Suffrage Monologue (1913)
Questions
Gail Collins, from When Everything Changed: The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1950 to the Present (2009)
Questions
Madeleine M. Kunin, from The New Feminist Agenda (2012)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION Immigration: The Lure of America
Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus (1883)
Questions
Dennis Kearney and H. L. Knight, Appeal from California. The Chinese Invasion. Workingman’s Address (1878)
Questions
Joseph McDonnell, The Chinese Must Go (1878)
Questions
Joseph Keppler, Looking Backward (1893)
Questions
Robert H. Clancy, An Un-American Bill (1924)
Questions
Ellison DuRant Smith, Shut the Door (1924)
Questions
Mary Gordon, More than Just a Shrine (1985)
Questions
Charles Bowden, Our Wall (2007)
Questions
Christoph Niemann, Promised Land (2011)
Questions
Walter Russell Mead, America’s New Tiger Immigrants (2012)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION The American Cowboy
Joseph Nimmo Jr., from The American Cowboy (1886)
Questions
Frederic S. Remington, A Dash for the Timber (1889)
Questions
Frederick Jackson Turner, from The Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893)
Questions
Buffalo Bill Cody, Buffalo Bill’s Wild West (program, 1893)
Questions
Owen Wister, from The Virginian: A Horseman of the Plains (1902)
Questions
E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill ’s (1920)
Questions
Leonard McCombe, Marlboro Man (1949)
Questions
Gretel Ehrlich, About Men (1984)
Questions
Sherman Alexie, My Heroes Have Never Been Cowboys (1993)
Questions
Joy Kasson, Buffalo Bill’s Wild West: Celebrity, Memory, and Popular History (2000)
Questions
Benjamin Percy, The Virginian Teaches the Merit of a Man (2007)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
GRAMMAR AS RHETORIC AND STYLE Modifiers
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING Reconstructing America
Chapter 9 America in the Modern World: 1913—1945
Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro (1913)
Exploring the Text
Ezra Pound, A Few Don’ts by an Imagiste (1913)
Exploring the Text
Robert Frost, Reluctance (1914)
Exploring the Text
Robert Frost, Mending Wall (1914)
Exploring the Text
Robert Frost, Fire and Ice (1920)
Exploring the Text
Marsden Hartley, Portrait of a German Officer (painting, 1914)
Exploring the Text
Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird (1917)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Aaron A. Abeyta, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Tortilla (2001)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Edna St. Vincent Millay, First Fig (1918)
Exploring the Text
Marianne Moore, Poetry (1919)
Exploring the Text
Claude McKay, If We Must Die (1919)
Exploring the Text
Theodore Dreiser, A Certain Oil Refinery (1919)
Exploring the Text
E. E. Cummings, in Just- (1920)
Exploring the Text
Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers (1921)
Exploring the Text
Langston Hughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain (1926)
Questions
William Carlos Williams, The Great Figure (1921)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Charles Demuth, I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold (painting, 1928)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say (1934)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Kenneth Koch, Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams (1962)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
T. S. Eliot, The Hollow Men (1925)
Exploring the Text
Zora Neale Hurston, How It Feels to Be Colored Me (1928)
Exploring the Text
Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place (1933)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Yiyun Li, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place (2011)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Edith Wharton, Roman Fever (1934)
Exploring the Text
Eleanor Roosevelt, What Libraries Mean to the Nation (1936)
Exploring the Text
Works Progress Administration, Bookmobile, Louisiana (photograph, c. 1938)
Exploring the Text
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Second Inaugural Address: One-Third of a Nation (1937)
Exploring the Text
John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums (1937)
Exploring the Text
William Faulkner, Barn Burning (1939)
Exploring the Text
W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen (1939)
Exploring the Text
Richard Wright, The Man Who Was Almost a Man (1940, 1961)
Exploring the Text
Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner (1945)
Exploring the Text
Harry S Truman, Statement by the President of the United States (1945)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Jonathan Schell, from The Fate of the Earth (1982)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
CONVERSATION The Influence of Jazz
Gerald Early, from Jazz and the African American Literary Tradition (2010)
Questions
Robert O’Meally, from Seeing Jazz (1997)
Questions
Langston Hughes, Jazzonia (1923)
Questions
Stuart Davis, Swing Landscape (1938)
Questions
William Henry Johnson, Jitterbugs VI (1941)
Questions
Ralph Ellison, from Invisible Man (1952)
Questions
Whitney Balliett, Daddy-O (1958)
Questions
Donald Barthelme, The King of Jazz (1958)
Questions
Jayne Cortez, Jazz Fan Looks Back (2002)
Questions
Michael Segell, from The Devil’s Horn (2005)
Questions
Evelyn Toynton, from Jackson Pollock (2012)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION Japanese Internment and Reparations: Making It Right?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Executive Order No. 9066 (1942)
Questions
Western Defense Command, Evacuation Order (1942)
Questions
Dorothea Lange, I Am an American (1942)
Questions
Julie Otsuka, from When the Emperor Was Divine (2002)
Questions
George H. W. Bush, Letter of Apology (1991)
Questions
Eric K. Yamamoto, from Racial Reparations: Japanese American Redress and African American Claims (1998)
Questions
Brent Staples, The Slave Reparations Movement Adopts the Rhetoric of Victimhood (2001)
Questions
Charles Ogletree Jr., Litigating the Legacy of Slavery (2002)
Questions
Henry Louis Gates Jr., Ending the Slavery Blame-Game (2010)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION What Is American Literature?
Walt Whitman, from Letter to Ralph Waldo Emerson (1856)
Questions
Emma Lazarus, American Literature (1881)
Questions
John Macy, from The Spirit of American Literature (1913)
Questions
Sherwood Anderson, from An Apology for Crudity (1917)
Questions
Amy Lowell, from On “New Poetry” (1917)
Questions
Bliss Perry, from The American Spirit in Literature (1920)
Questions
D. H. Lawrence, from The Spirit of Place (1923)
Questions
Tom Wolfe, from Why They Aren’t Writing the Great American Novel Anymore (1972)
Questions
Margaret Atwood, Hello, Martians. Let Moby-Dick Explain (2012)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
GRAMMAR AS RHETORIC AND STYLE Direct, Precise, and Active Verbs
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING America in the Modern World
Chapter 10 Redefining America: 1945 to the Present
Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish (1938)
Exploring the Text
William Faulkner, Nobel Prize Banquet Speech (1950)
Exploring the Text
Bernard Malamud, The First Seven Years (1950)
Exploring the Text
Langston Hughes, Theme for English B (1951)
Exploring the Text
Flannery O’Connor, Good Country People (1955)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Lawrence Downes, In Search of Flannery O’Connor (2007)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Alice Walker, from Beyond the Peacock: The Reconstruction of Flannery O’Connor (1975)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Theodore Roethke, The Waking (1953)
Exploring the Text
James Baldwin, Notes of a Native Son (1955)
Exploring the Text
Will Counts, Little Rock’s Central High School (photograph, 1957)
Exploring the Text
Joan Didion, On Self-Respect (1961)
Exploring the Text
Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Malcolm Gladwell, Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted (2010)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays (1962)
Exploring the Text
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? (1966)
Exploring the Text
Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck (1973)
Exploring the Text
Stephen Jay Gould, Women’s Brains (1980)
Exploring the Text
Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage (1983)
Exploring the Text
Naomi Shihab Nye, Arabic Coffee (1986)
Exploring the Text
Brent Staples, Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space (1986)
Exploring the Text
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It (1988)
Exploring the Text
Tim O’Brien, On the Rainy River (1990)
Exploring the Text
Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named María (1992)
Exploring the Text
Edwidge Danticat, New York Day Women (1995)
Exploring the Text
Sherman Alexie, Superman and Me (1998)
Exploring the Text
Rita Dove, Rosa (1998)
Exploring the Text
Li-Young Lee, The Hammock (2000)
Exploring the Text
Art Spiegelman, 9/11/2001 (magazine cover)
Exploring the Text
TalkBack: Ana Juan, Reflections (magazine cover, 2011)
Exploring the Text
Making Connections
Tracy K. Smith, Letter to a Photojournalist Going-In (2007)
Exploring the Text
Jonathan Franzen, Agreeable (2010)
Exploring the Text
Brian Turner, At Lowe’s Home Improvement Center (2010)
Exploring the Text
John Jeremiah Sullivan, Michael (2011)
Exploring the Text
Chris Hedges and Joe Sacco, from Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt (graphic essay, 2012)
Exploring the Text
CONVERSATION The Atomic Age
Ace Comics, Atomic War! (1952)
Questions
Office of Civil Defense, Duck and Cover (1952)
Questions
Lillian Hellman, I Cannot and Will Not Cut My Conscience to Fit This Year’s Fashions (1952)
Questions
John F. Kennedy, Cuban Missile Crisis Speech (1962)
Questions
Nikita Khrushchev, Letter to John F. Kennedy (1962)
Questions
Julia Alvarez, Snow (1991)
Questions
Arthur Miller, from Why I Wrote The Crucible (1996)
Questions
Michael Scheibach, from Atomic Narratives and American Youth: Coming of Age with the Atom, 1945–55 (2003)
Questions
Ronald Radosh, Case Closed: The Rosenbergs Were Soviet Spies (2008)
Questions
Spencer R. Weart, from The Rise of Nuclear Fear (2012)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION The American Middle Class
Horatio Alger, from Ragged Dick, or Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks (1867)
Questions
Harlon L. Dalton, Horatio Alger (1995)
Questions
Alan Brinkley, from The Fifties (2012)
Questions
Holly Sklar, The Growing Gulf between the Rich and the Rest of Us (2005)
Questions
Paul Krugman, from The Conscience of a Liberal (2007)
Questions
Thomas Sowell, Income Confusion (2007)
Questions
Hedrick Smith, from Who Stole the American Dream? (2012)
Questions
Isabel V. Sawhill, from Pathways to the Middle Class: Balancing Personal and Public Responsibilities (2012)
Questions
Sally Edelstein, Mutually Assured Consumption (collage, 2012)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
CONVERSATION America’s Romance with the Automobile
Ohio Electric Car Company, The Ohio Electric (1916)
Questions
E. B. White, Farewell, My Lovely! (1936)
Questions
John Updike, from Rabbit, Run (1960)
Questions
Tom Wolfe, from The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby (1963)
Questions
Stephen Dunn, The Sacred (1989)
Questions
Heather McHugh, Auto (1994)
Questions
Pew Research Center, Americans and Their Cars: Is the Romance on the Skids? (2006)
Questions
P. J. O’Rourke, The End of the Affair (2009)
Questions
Allison Linn, Carmakers’ Next Problem: Generation Y (2010)
Questions
Frank DeFord, Americans Hit the Brakes on NASCAR (2012)
Questions
Making Connections
Entering the Conversation
GRAMMAR AS RHETORIC AND STYLE Parallel Structures
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING Redefining America
MLA Documentation Style
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Index
About the Authors
Preface
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 5 Momaday, The Becoming of the Native
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 5 Kennedy, The Mindless Menace of Violence
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 6 Bloomberg, Ground Zero Mosque Speech
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 6 Henry, Speech to the Second Virginia Convention
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 7 Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 7 Emerson, from Self-Reliance
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 7 Truth, Ain't I a Woman?
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 8 Washington, The Atlanta Exposition Address
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 8 Ehrlich, About Men
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 8 Twain, from Life on the Mississippi
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 9 Gates, Ending the Slavery Blame-Game
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 9 Hurston, How It Feels to Be Colored Me
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 10 Staples, Just Walk On By
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 10 Baldwin, Notes of a Native Son
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 10 Cofer, The Myth of the Latin Woman
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 10 King, Letter from Birmingham Jail
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 10, Gould, Women's Brains
Media—Ch. 1 Audio: Eisenhower, Order of the Day
Media—Ch. 1 Video: Bush, 9/11 Speech
Media—Ch. 1 Video: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Speech to Congress, March 15, 1965
Media—Ch. 1 Video: Nixon, from The Checkers Speech
Media—Ch. 2 Video: Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961
Media—Ch. 3 Audio: Hughes, Mother to Son
Media—Ch. 5 Image: Conversation: Columbus Day Controversy (Columbus fountain Union Station Washington, D.C.)
Media—Ch. 5 Image: Conversation: Columbus Day Controversy (A 1989 dedication ceremony for a Columbus statue)
Media—Ch. 5 Images: Morris, The Cheiftan's Daughter: A Ballad
Media—Ch. 5 Video: Obama, Tucson Memorial Speech
Media—Ch. 5 Video: Reagan, from Farewell Address
Media—Ch. 6 Audio: Wheatley, To His Excellency General Washington
Media—Ch. 6 Image: Key, The Star-Spangled Banner
Media—Ch. 6 Image: Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments
Media—Ch. 6 Image: Conversation: Myth of George Washington
Media—Ch. 6 Image: The Bill of Rights
Media—Ch. 6 Image: Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence
Media—Ch. 6 Image: West, Penn's Treaty with the Indians
Media—Ch. 6 Image: Washington, To the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island
Media—Ch. 6 Video: Kennedy, Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association
Media—Ch. 6 Video: Bloomberg, Ground Zero Mosque Speech
Media—Ch. 8 Audio: Hayden, Frederick Douglass
Media—Ch. 8 Video: Buffalo Bill Cody, Buffalo Bill's Wild West
Media—Ch. 9 Audio: McKay, If We Must Die
Media—Ch. 9 Audio: Roosevelt, Second Inaugural Address
Media—Ch. 9 Audio: Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Media—Ch. 9 Video: Conversation: Japanese Internment and Reparations (“A Challenge to Democracy”)
Media—Ch. 9 Video: Conversation: Japanese Internment and Reparations (Office of War Information's film record of the operation)
Media—Ch. 9 Video: Dreiser, A Certain Oil Refinery
Media—Ch. 9 Video: Truman, Statement by the President of the United States
Media—Ch. 10 Audio: Roethke, The Waking
Media—Ch. 10 Image: Ace Comics, Atomic War!
Media—Ch. 10 Video: Kennedy, Cuban Missile Crisis Speech
Media—Ch. 10 Video: Office of Civil Defense, Duck and Cover
AP-Style Multiple Choice Ch. 6 Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence