If the path length difference \(\Delta_{\mathrm{pl}}\)is neither a whole number of wavelengths nor an odd number of half-wavelengths, the interference is neither completely constructive nor completely destructive (Figure 13-10c). Because interference of the surface waves occurs at all points in Figure 13-11, we call the overall pattern in that figure an \(\textbf{interference pattern}\).
Here’s a summary of the conditions that must be met for constructive and destructive interference:
(Note that for constructive interference, \(n = 0\) refers to the case where there is \(\textit{zero}\) path length difference, so the two waves naturally arrive in phase. This is the situation for the center yellow dot in Figure 13-11.)