Bewitched or bewildered? A great fear of witchcraft swept Europe beginning in the 1300s and extending through the “enlightened” Renaissance. Tens of thousands of people, mostly women, were thought to have made a pact with the devil. Some appear to have had mental disorders, which caused them to act strangely (Zilboorg & Henry, 1941). This woman is being “dunked” repeatedly until she confesses to witchery.