1.

Individual displays a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress.

2.

Presence of at least 2 of the following symptoms within a 1-year period:

(a) Substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended.

(b) Unsuccessful efforts or persistent desire to reduce or control substance use.

(c) Much time spent trying to obtain, use, or recover from the effects of substance.

(d) Failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home as a result of repeated substance use.

(e) Continued use of substance despite persistent social or interpersonal problems caused by it.

(f) Cessation or reduction of important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of substance use.

(g) Continuing to use substance in situations where use poses physical risks.

(h) Continuing to use substance despite awareness that it is causing or worsening a physical or psychological problem.

(i) Craving for substance.

(j) Tolerance effects.

(k) Withdrawal reactions.

(Information from: APA, 2013)