Table 3-4: table: 3-4Comparing the Models

	Biological	Psychodynamic	Behavioral	Cognitive	Humanistic	Existential	Family-Social	Multicultural
Cause of dysfunction	Biological malfunction	Underlying conflicts	Maladaptive learning	Maladaptive thinking	Self-deceit	Avoidance of responsibility	Family or social stress	External pressures or cultural conflicts
Research support	Strong	Modest	Strong	Strong	Weak	Weak	Moderate	Moderate
Consumer designation	Patient	Patient	Client	Client	Patient or client	Patient or client	Client	Client
Therapist role	Doctor	Interpreter	Teacher	Persuader	Observer	Collaborator	Family/social facilitator	Cultural advocate/teacher
Key therapy technique	Biological intervention	Free association and interpretation	Conditioning	Reasoning	Reflection	Varied	Family/social intervention	Culture-sensitive intervention
Therapy goal	Biological repair	Broad psychological change	Functional behaviors	Adaptive thinking	Self-actualization	Authentic life	Effective family or social	Cultural awareness and comfort