Institutional ethics During the American Psychological Association Conference in 2007, these protesters rallied against participation by psychologists in “enhanced interrogations” (i.e., torture questioning) of suspected terrorists. Despite concerns of this kind, a 2015 report revealed that, over a period of several years, the APA did in fact aid the Department of Defense and the CIA in the development of such techniques, gave advice to interrogators, and adjusted professional guidelines to allow psychologist involvement in such interrogations. These revelations led to several changes in APA leadership and to an APA membership vote banning psychologists from direct and indirect involvement in all national security interrogations—