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separation anxiety disorder play therapy disruptive mood dysregulation disorder oppositional defiant disorder conduct disorder enuresis encopresis neurodevelopmental disorders attention- methylphenidate autism spectrum disorder theory of mind cerebellum augmentative communication system | Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: A childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts along with a persistent irritable or angry mood. Neurodevelopmental disorders: A group of disabilities— Cerebellum: An area of the brain that coordinates movement in the body and perhaps helps control a person’s ability to shift attention rapidly. Augmentative communication system: A method for enhancing the communication skills of people with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder, or cerebral palsy by teaching them to point to pictures, symbols, letters, or words on a communication board or computer. Conduct disorder: A disorder in which a child repeatedly violates the basic rights of others and displays aggression, characterized by symptoms such as physical cruelty to people or animals, the deliberate destruction of other people’s property, and the commission of various crimes. Enuresis: A disorder marked by repeated bed- Encopresis: A disorder characterized by repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one’s clothing. Separation anxiety disorder: A disorder marked by excessive anxiety, even panic, whenever the individual is separated from home, a parent, or another attachment figure. Methylphenidate: A stimulant drug, known better by the trade name Ritalin, commonly used to treat ADHD. Oppositional defiant disorder: A disorder in which children are repeatedly argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and, in some cases, vindictive. Play therapy: An approach to treating childhood disorders that helps children express their conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, playing with toys, and making up stories. Theory of mind: One’s awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and mental states, not on information they have no way of knowing. Autism spectrum disorder: A developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities. Attention- |
intellectual disability (ID) intelligence quotient (IQ) mild ID moderate ID severe ID profound ID Down syndrome fetal alcohol syndrome state school normalization special education mainstreaming sheltered workshop | Mainstreaming: The placement of children with intellectual disability in regular school classes. Also known as inclusion. Normalization: The principle that institutions and community residences should provide people with intellectual disability types of living conditions and opportunities that are similar to those enjoyed by the rest of society. Intelligence quotient (IQ): A score derived from intelligence tests that theoretically represents a person’s overall intellectual capacity. Moderate ID: A level of intellectual disability (IQ between 35 and 49) at which people can learn to care for themselves and can benefit from vocational training. Severe ID: A level of intellectual disability (IQ between 20 and 34) at which individuals require careful supervision and can learn to perform basic work in structured and sheltered settings. Intellectual disability (ID): A disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average. Previously called mental retardation. Fetal alcohol syndrome: A cluster of problems in a child, including low birth weight, irregularities in the hands and face, and intellectual deficits, caused by excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy. Profound ID: A level of intellectual disability (IQ below 20) at which people need a very structured environment with close supervision. State school: A state- Sheltered workshop: A supervised workplace for people who are not yet ready for competitive jobs. Down syndrome: A form of intellectual disability caused by an abnormality in the twenty- Special education: An approach to educating children with intellectual disability in which they are grouped together and given a separate, specially designed education. Mild ID: A level of intellectual disability (IQ between 50 and 70) at which people can benefit from education and can support themselves as adults. |