Critical Period Hypothesis
Markedness Differential Hypothesis
Similarity Differential Rate Hypothesis
competence vs. performance
Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis
The two alternatives in UG either requiring an overt subject in a sentence with tense or allowing the subject to be omitted.
The idea that L2 learners who produce errors may actually have correct underlying representations but have difficulty mapping them to surface forms.
In the L2 classroom, instruction about the target language and explicit correction.
The changing grammatical system used by the L2 learner.
Linguistic knowledge in the speaker’s mind versus actual language use in a particular situation.
The idea that L2 learners can acquire structures that are different from their L1 faster than structures that are quite similar to their L1 structures.
Either requiring or not requiring a verb to raise to T.
The idea that there is a limited time period in childhood when it is possible to acquire native-like proficiency in a second language.
The speaker’s underlying knowledge of not only the linguistic but also the social rules and principles for successful language use.
The idea that structures that are less common in world languages will be harder to acquire in the L2 than those that are more common.