Traditionally, essay assignments have focused on the written expression of ideas and arguments. As a result, writers have tended to use images sparingly, if at all, and to make limited use of design elements such as color, shading, borders, and rules in their academic essays. Writers have also tended to avoid the use of tables and charts, perhaps thinking that these kinds of design elements would be more appropriate for genres such as reports and professional articles.

Yet these design elements can help you present complex information and ideas more clearly, distinguish between items considered in an evaluation, illustrate the aspects of a particular problem, or frame your argument by calling readers’ attention to particular information and ideas. As you draft your essay, consider how the wide range of design elements discussed in the previous sections might help you accomplish your goals as a writer. As you consider your options, keep in mind your instructor’s preferences regarding the use of these elements. If you are uncertain about your instructor’s preferences, ask for guidance.