Avoid Using Too Many -tion, -ing, and -ly Endings

Be particularly suspicious of the ending -tion. It makes almost everything it touches abstract — and the more abstract an idea is, the less vivid it will be:

image The solution to the problem may be that the subsidization of agribusiness needs redirection toward the production of healthy food.

Here, the writer tried to load too much of her meaning into nouns (solution, subsidization, redirection, production), stringing them together with flabby verbs (may be, needs). One way to solve the problem is to change some of the nouns to verbs (like solve, subsidize, redirect, and produce).

The ending -ing isn’t as bad, but a sentence full of -ing words that are not intended to be parallel will sound singsongy. What’s more, the parallel word forms suggest that the ideas the words convey have more in common than they do:

image Solving the problem might mean redirecting the subsidizing of agribusiness toward producing healthy food.

For ideas that are not parallel, variety in word forms is best:

image One way to solve the problem would be to redirect agribusiness subsidies to producers of healthy foods.

Not all adverbs end in -ly, but most words that end in -ly are adverbs. Too many -ly endings, like too many -ings, will give a singsongy effect. More important, they’re a tip-off that you’re relying too heavily on adverbs:

image Unfortunately, the U.S. government currently spends about $20 billion annually simply subsidizing agricultural products that have traditionally received them.

You can often cut some -ly adverbs, and you may be able to replace others with synonyms:

image The U.S. government now spends about $20 billion a year subsidizing agricultural products that have traditionally received them.